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The authoritarian regime of the Second Republic and the Czech Catholic elite
Palata, Luboš ; Svoboda, Cyril (advisor) ; Mašek, Vojtěch (referee)
The thesis deals with the authoritarian regime of the Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938-1939) in its Czech part, with the reasons of its origin, its description and its placement in the contemporary context. It shows the share of Catholic, politic and social elites in its creation as well as in efforts to enforce the Christian character of the new regime. It considers then critical stances against democracy of the Catholic Church, it compares authoritarian regime of the Second Republic with similiar regimes in then Europe and it tries to morally and ethically evaluate then stances of the Czech elites. The thesis also deals with anti-Jewish and anti-Gypsy measures of the Second Republic, and it tries to offer a valuable lesson from its development. Keywords Second Republic, authoritarian regime, Catholics, Catholic elites, party of national unity, estate state, antisemitism, Czechoslovak people's party, Stašek, Šrámek, Munich, Hácha
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The Role of Portugal in the Security Policy of the United States of America (1943-1949)
Malý, Karel ; Koura, Jan (advisor) ; Valkoun, Jaroslav (referee)
Bachelor thesis The Role of Portugal in the Security Policy of the United States of America (1943-1949) analyses the relationship between United States of America and Portugal during second world war and in following postwar period. Portugal in wartime Europe defined itself as a neutral state. Salazar's cautious foreign policy deceived either Great Britain and Germany. Great Britain was seen by Salazar as naval world power and traditional ally. Germany in Salazar's view was powerful state capable of confront the Soviet threat in the middle Europe. Western allies since the war began has shown the interest of the geostrategic significant Azores Islands. Salazar's major focus was to keep his country neutral, as he rejected to lend the army bases at the Azores Islands to the Western Allies. At the end of the war, when the German defeat was evident, Salazar allowed to use and lent the bases at the Azores to USA. Portugal became valuable partner in the security policy of the USA. Its role gained the importance even after the second world war, when the democratic values were in threat by the Soviet union. The establishment of the NATO was reaction on this particular menace, and one of the founder member of this alliance was Portugal as well as USA.
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Portugal and Jewish Refugees from Nazism
Kraftová, Pamela ; Binková, Simona (advisor) ; Grauová, Šárka (referee)
The subject of my bachelor's thesis is Portuguese attitude towards Jewish refugees during the Second World War. Portugal has in the course of time transformed from an inquisition-happy into a tolerant country. The rise of the German Nazi regime and the outbreak of Second World War had caused a diaspora which led Portugal into applying restrictive immigration and visa policies. After France lost the war Portugal has become one of few destinations and transfer points for refugees from Nazi occupied Europe. Thousands of Jewish refugees have found refuge in a country which was governed by an anti-liberal and non-democratic regime. The regime had a few common similarities with Third Reich such as tough anti-Communism and anti-liberalism. The absence of racism and anti-Semitism in "Estado Novo" was on the other hand the differentiation between those two regimes. This absence also enabled Jewish immigration into Portugal during 1930s and 1940s. The main focus of my thesis is the attitude of Salazar, Portuguese offices, the Portuguese public and foremost the Portuguese diplomacy towards persecuted Jews.
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Estado Novo regime in Portugal
Horčičková, Lucie ; Šušlíková, Lada (advisor) ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (referee)
In my bachelor thesis "Portugal regime Estado Novo" I deal with Portugal Empire from the foundation of republic in 1910 to downfall of Portugal Empire in 1974. I will analyze the regime of Estado Novo, define his properties, institutions and principles. To analyze the regime I use an intrinsic study and compare The New States with other regimes. At first I deal with the first republic form the foundation in 1910 to and the military coup in May 1926. Salazar became the Minister of Finance and in 1932 became the Prime Minister of Portugal. Through the constitution of 1933 Salazar instituted an authoritarian regime, so -called The New States. In the second part I will analyze the system, constitution of 1933, ideology and the principles of the regime (church, corporativism, army and secret policy). In the third part I deal with foreign policy of the New States. And I analyze the international relationships between Portugal, Germany, Italy, Spain and Czechoslovakia. In the past part I deal with inner political situation and with problems in the colonies of Portugal. In 1968 Salazar resigned because of health problems and the new Prime Minister Marcelo Caetano didn't master the problems. The situation in Portugal Empire ended in carnation revolution in 1974.
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