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Effect of exhaust pressure loss on efficiency of gas microturbine
Čechman, Ondřej ; Havlásek, Martin (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to support of microturbines application in industrial processes where it is not used yet, but where it would bring economical saving. This is especially in the case of CHP. For specific CHP system is need to design heat exchanger according to the specific application. One of the necessary parameters for heat exchanger design is exhaust pressure loss caused by heat exchanger, which has negative effect on electrical efficiency of microturbine. The concrete aim of this thesis is verify effect exhaust pressure loss on electrical efficiency of gas microturbine. This issue is solved theoretically using values declared by manufacturer of microturbines, which has been later verified by experimental measurements. The results of this thesis will help to integrate specific microturbine (Capstone C30) as CHP unit for model of energy intensive consumer in the Laboratory of Energy Intensive Processes of NETME Centre at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the Brno University of Technology.
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Experimental verification of a gas micro-turbine cogeneration system
Buřil, Lukáš ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with problematics of natural gas microturbine integration into industrial laundry operation. This integration means utilization of waste heat for direct drying and water heating in a heat exchanger. This heated water can be used in further laundry processes, for example laundering. All the experiments were carried out on the cogeneration system that is installed in Laboratory of Energy Intensive Processes in NETME Centre at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Brno University of Technology. This system consists of a natural gas microturbine Capstone C30 with nominal electric power of 30 kW, an industrial dryer Primus DX55 with a nominal capacity of 55 kg for laundry and a heat exchanger Vakading type Vakavlas with nominal power of 53 kW. All necessary theoretical and technical preparation was done in order to carry out experiments as follows: • Standard drying program • Water accumulation test • Test of performance of heat exchanger • Direct drying with the use of microturbine’s flue gases These experiments were analyzed and discussed within this thesis. The main contribution of this work is as follows: • Summary of all the knowledge in the area of direct drying • Creation of methodology of utilization of flue gases for direct drying not only in laundry industry but in related fields • Summary of requirements and ways of heat exchanger testing and determination of heat exchanger parameters • Determination of optimal working settings of installed cogeneration system • Description of weak spots in the system and suggested improvements • Basic economic analysis of operating costs During the experiments, it was found that in case of direct drying better results could be achieved in comparison with standard drying. The functionality of the whole system together with the heat exchanger was verified and thus also the possibility of integrating the turbine into the washing process was confirmed. The integration of a natural gas microturbine is both technically and economically feasible for many industrial applications.
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Analysis of factors influencing gas microturbine operation
Kostrhounová, Petra ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Konečná, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the assessment of operating parameters of a gas microturbine. The first part covers the gas microturbine, its function and individual structural components. It also describes the possible use in combined heat and power generation and an overview of main manufacturers in the current market. The theoretical part of the work, based on a search of professional studies, summarizes selected factors influencing the efficiency of the gas microturbine, namely temperature and relative humidity, atmospheric pressure and parameters of various types of fuel. In the last part, the work focuses on the specific operation of the gas microturbine Capstone C30. Data from experimental measurements are analysed and the electrical efficiency is determined from them, which is compared with theoretical assumptions. Finally, the influence of the measured parameters on the electrical efficiency of the microturbine is discussed and the ideal course of the experiment is proposed.
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Technical and economic evaluation of the gas microturbine with the waste heat recovery system
Slovák, Rostislav ; Kilkovský, Bohuslav (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
The use of gas microturbines as a primary unit in CHP is still weak in the industrial process. It gives the driving force to the main aim of this master thesis, which is the technical and economic evaluation of the gas microturbines waste heat recovery system, which is the key factor for their economic sustainability. Assignment contains description of CHP system that was gradually built in LENP laboratory, part of NETME Centre. The author has joined the final work before start-up of the CHP system. He presents and describes results of the first experiments on this unit. The flue gas of a microturbine was used for heating water by heat exchanger flue gas–water and for direct linen drying. The case study of laundry with capacity 10 tons per shift was developed in cooperation with companies in laundry care. Results of those tests were used to process integration and utilization of this professional industrial laundry All obstacles found and opportunities of the use of microturbines are comprehensively described and tested in case studies, which are simulated in Chemstation Chemcad Software. Results of the thesis are expected to be useful these fields: the use of gas microturbines in industry & energy savings in industrial laundries.
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Control of gas microturbine equipped with waste heat recovery system
Kijanica, Michael ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with control of the cogeneration system which utilizes waste heat from gas microturbine. This complex cogeneration system was created in Laboratory of Energy Intensive Processes NETME Centre and its main purpose is the research in utilization of high temperature flue gas from Capstone C30 microturbine for drying laundry. In case of implementation of similar cogeneration system in industrial or commercial laundries, it is necessary to design automatic control of such system to make laundry - operations easier, minimizing energy waste and maximizing safety.
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Efficiency of gas microturbines
Slovák, Rostislav ; Gal, Pavel (referee) ; Havlásek, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on gas microturbines and engines. The text is devided into five parts. The first part is an introduction to the issue of cogeneration technology. The second chapter describes principles of microturbines, including the calculation of theoretical efficiency. The third part offers a descrtiption of gas engines. The fourth part compares gas microturbines with gas engines based on producers catalog values. The last chapter describes the experimental finding of the efficiency of Capstone C30 microturbine and offers a comparison of the theoretical, catalog and experimental values, whilst explaining differences.
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Studies on gas microturbine operation
Horník, Jan ; Bobák, Petr (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the study of the gas microturbine. Theoretical part makes the reader familiar with gas microturbine. Practical part is focused on its use in the field of industrial laundry. Analytical part includes the design and execution of measurement, which is followed by necessary calculations. On the basis of it is proposed several uses of combustion from microturbine. The final output of this work is financial balance for each of those uses, where can be seen return of the investment.
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System for heat recovery of gas microturbine flue gas
Vilda, Dalibor ; Jícha, Jaroslav (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
The theme of the work is the integration of gas microturbines in industrial plants. The aim is to extend the application potential of this technology by the design of the integration into the process in which this technology is not exploited yet. This process is a professional laundry service. Professional laundry services have been selected as a representative of the generally known process, which is interesting in terms of energy intensity. Combining of progressive cogeneration technology and enhanced industrial process brings a promising application potential. The work focuses on small industrial laundries to 500 kg of processed linen per shift. As a cogeneration unit a gas microturbine Capstone C30 has been used. The microturbine has an adequate power due to the process. Complete laundry operation and a gas microturbine is a part of the equipment of the Laboratory of energetically demanding processes in the NETME Centre. The main contribution of this work is to design a system for utilization of flue gas heat for heating of the main input currents to the laundry room, a hot water for washing machines and warm air for drying in the dryers. The integration of the gas microturbine made to suit specific process can be a major cost-saving measures with positive impacts on the economy of operation.
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Simulation tool for gas microturbine integration into industrial operations
Konečná, Eva ; Stehlík, Petr (referee) ; Ovčačík,, Filip (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
Current challenging energy situation gives rise to the need for highly efficient use of primary energy sources. Gas microturbines are a potential solution to this situation as they represent a progressive source of combined heat and power production. Gas turbines work with electric efficiency around 30 % and another 50 % is hidden in hot flue gas. Leveraging this waste heat is essential for achieving high overal efficiency of production and minimizing the use of primary energy. This thesis introduces a methodology for integration of gas microturbines into industrial operation. This methodology served as a basis for creating a software tool for selecting an optimal gas microturbine and seting up an efficient use of the waste heat from the produced flue gas, specifically direct drying, technological heating of process streams, preparation of warm utility water, and heat accumulation. It also includes technical-economic evaluation of the investment. The methodology is represented by an unique software tool which evaluates various alternatives of a gas microturbine integration into a mid-sized industrial laundry, and recommends the most favourable option. The tool was build using programming language Python in combination with MS Excel to offer great ease of use without a need for any specialized software. The biggest advantage, however, is its universality which allows adapting this software for other industrial processes. It is sufficient for the user to only have a standard operational knowledge of the target process. A laundry operation was selected for this case study, and data from several industrial laundries in Czech republic was collected. Its analysis revealed that the ratio of required electrical and heat energy is an important criterium when selecting a gas microturbine as the main power source. Specifically for older laundry operations, it is necessary to firstly undergo an energy optimization before selecting a suitable power source. If integrated correctly, it is possible to achieve overal efficiency of the gas microturbine of up to 90 % and an acceptable payback period of the investment. A suitable target process for integrating the gas microturbine is one that leverages the gas microturbine’s biggest advantage – production of hot and clean flue gas. It is necessary to look for those processes where a maximum of this flue gas can be used directly without a need for any other costly devices for heat transfer. Drying in laundries certainly represents such a process. The proposed software is an easy, quick, and most importantly universal tool for evaluating suitability of a gas microturbine based on common operational knowledge of the respective process.
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