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Rizikové faktory v kabině sklízecích mlátiček
ŠTEMBERK, Martin
The diploma thesis is focused on harvesting threshers in terms of noise, dust and temperature in the cab. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part there are basic data and concepts of harvesters, acoustic materials and health protection at work in agriculture. In the practical part itself was performed measurement of noise, dust, temperature and humidity in the cabin cabin cabinet. Measurements took place on land of agricultural cooperatives and private owners. Based on the measured values, an overview of the parameters of individual machines was created.
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Influence of local heating to PM10 levels in urban atmosphere
Píšová, Martina ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Škrabalová, Lenka (referee)
This master thesis evaluates the spatial variability of concentrations of PM10 on the area of towns Mladá Boleslav, Kosmonosy and small village Plazy during one month in the winter of 2013. Using a network measurements, we tried to determine whether sources of pollution are inside the city, or whether these harmful substances are transferred from the outside of the city to the area of the city. For the measurements we used a set of 9 portable laser nephelometers DustTrak (8520, TSI), which were placed on the roofs of schools. In the same time the device called beta-prachoměr (beta dust-meter) was continuously measuring concentrations of PM10, and we also monitored basic meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction). All these parameters were continuously measured at five minutes intervals. Also we did personal walks through the city, during which we measured personal exposure to PM10 concentrations. This exposure was compared with exposure of stationary monitors, and finally the differences were quantified. In Mladá Boleslav and in Kosmonosy, the same trend of concentrations of PM10 was observed at all selected locations in the city. Different trend of PM10 concentrations was observed in the village Plazy, where the peaks were higher and more frequent, especially in...
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Urban street dust: mineralogy and shape analysis of aerosolized fraction
Lebedenko, Viktoriia ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Vodička, Petr (referee)
One important source of coarse particulate matter in urban atmosphere is the resuspended street dust. The aim of this study was to determine the emission potential of street dust samples, to conduct shape and mineralogical analysis of resuspendable fraction and on the bases of the findings carry out a comparison between the different sampling sites. The dust samples were collected in February 2014 in three cities: Ostrava, Prague and Pilsen. For the purpose of this study, nine samples from the selected sites were dispersed in a resuspension chamber. The samples were collected in the center of every city in the following locations: the main square, the tram railway and the curbside. Morphological and elemental analysis was performed using a Scanning Electron Microscope with EDS detector. The presence of mineral components such as quartz, chlorite, calcite, feldspar and kaolinite was observed. In samples from Ostrava were found spherical-shaped particles composed of iron oxides. The samples of Pilsen contained amphibole mineral fibers - actinolite. X-ray Powder Diffraction at high sensitivity showed the presence of amphibole asbestos in the samples from Ostrava and Prague. The mass of each size fraction of resuspended samples was determined. The mass size distribution was bimodal (2.5 µm and 8 µm),...
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Personal exposure to PM10 of selected workplaces in a coal strip mine determined by experiment
Basslerová, Barbora ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee)
This thesis compares the experimentally determinated values of PM1, PM2,5, respirable fraction and PM10 between the cab drivers and the outdoor walkway of the bucket wheel excavator in the brown coal strip mine Doly Nástup Tušimice between March 16 and March 23, 2015. For the measurement of individual fractions, portable laser nephelometers were used. Superiority of coarse aerosol was confirmed outside from the total measurement time accounted for 82 %. PM10 fraction predominated outside and changed throughout the day depending on the activity carried out by a worker. Regular cleaning by sweeping stretches of dunes had an impact on PM10 concentrations. Fluctuations in the concentration of PM1 were detected in the driver cab due to smokers stay at this workplace. For these reasons there is a concentration difference between work shifts. Air temperature and relative humidity were also monitored in both types of work places. The air temperature average values reached over the range recommended for the optimal working environment in the driver cab. The thesis finds out personal exposure of a bucket-wheel excavator driver which is below the limit for the total concentration. Smaller fractions appears to be a potentially health risk. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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PM10 hot-spot identification and characterisation in Prague 7 city district
Nechvátalová, Karolína ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Kozáková, Jana (referee)
Many cities suffer from poor air quality as they concentrate a large number of anthropogenic sources of air pollution, especially aerosol particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 m, PM10. Due to high urbanization, more than 50 % of the world population is exposed to urban PM10. Exposure to elevated PM10 can cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases or premature deaths. Therefore, the Prague 7 city district concluded an agreement with the Laboratory for Air Quality Studies (Charles University, Faculty of Science) to perform detailed spatial and temporal PM10 concentrations survey on its territory. For this purpose, mobile measurements of PM10 were performed in Prague 7. The study area was divided into 6 smaller localities. One fixed route (3,4-4,5 km) was determined at each locality. In the period from December 2019 to May 2020, a total of 174 errands were performed during 10 days, regularly at 8:00, 12:00 and 17:00. The team members conducted prescribed walks with DustTrak and Garmin GPS devices, which detected every second the PM10 mass concentrations and the exact location for a purpose to synchronize the PM10 data with the detection site. Meteorological conditions were recorded by a professional meteorological station. During most of the observed days, PM10 concentrations in...
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Heat wave effect on mortality in summer 2003 and 2006 in Prague
Knobová, Veronika
Heat wave effect on mortality in summer 2003 and 2006 in Prague Bc. Veronika Knobová Abstract Background: During August 2003 and July 2006 there were observed records hight temperature and hight concentrations of pollutants across Europe. The effect of heat waves led to significant increases in total mortality, respiratory mortality and cardiovascular mortality. This study evaluates the association between exposure to heat waves and daily non- accidental mortality, respiratory mortality and cardiovascular mortality in Prague, Czech Republic. Methods: The effect of heat wave in summer 2003 and 2006 on mortality was investigated using the negative binomial regression (type of the Poisson model). Counts of death were regressed on temperature, humidity, long-term trends, season, day of week and concentrations of pollutants (O3 levels, PM10 levels, NO2 levels, SO2 levels, CO levels). We used 1 day lag. Results: We found association between heat waves in summers 2003 and 2006 and daily mortality and mortality on respiratory a cardiovasculary diseases. No statistically significant association was detected. The effect of heat wave was more significant in women. Conclusions: The effect of heat wave in August 2003 and July 2006 caused adverse effect on mortality in Prague, though lower as compared to many other...
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Porovnání koncentrace tuhých znečišťujících látek uvnitř stáje v rozdílných technologiích velkochovů drůbeže
ŠONKA, Jan
Intensive poultry farming releases contaminated gases, odors, microorganisms and large concentrations of dust particles. Dust particles have a negative effect on the health of humans and animals. Dangerous particles with a diameter of less than or equal to 4 m, which can travel to the gas exchange area of the human respiratory system, pose a great health risk. The aim of this thesis is to measure PM10 dust particles in intensive poultry farms depending on the age of the chickens. Another goal is to compare the results between farms and compare them with the values shown in Table 5.15 on page 157 of document Final TWG meeting for review of the IRPP (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) BREF (Reference Document on Best Available Techniques). The measurements were carried out at the farm Alas a.s. in Hartmanice and at the farm Farma u lesa a.s. in Sudoměřice u Bechyně.
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