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Use of thin layer chromatography for fractionation and characterization of organic matter isolated from alginite
Solanský, Pavel ; Sovová, Šárka (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the study of structure and physicochemical properties of organic fractions of humic substances, which were obtained by the method of thin-layer chromatography. Humic substances, which were used in this study, were isolated from a sample of Slovak alginite based on the procedure of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS). The following analytical techniques were selected for the characterization of isolated humic substances: thermogravimetric and elemental analysis, molecular absorption spectroscopy (UV/Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. Each organic fraction of humic substances were characterized by molecular absorption spectroscopy (UV/Vis) and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. Using steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, humic substances were found to be composed of fluorophores of humic and non-humic (protein) character. Organic fractions corresponding to the humic fluorophores were characterized by a higher content of oxygen substituents on the aromatic nukleus, a higher degree of aromaticity and also a higher molecular weight. The aim of this diploma thesis was to design and optimize the process of organic matter fractionation for the purpose of detailed understanding of the structure and properties of humic substances, which were isolated from the sedimentary rock alginite. Based on this, the practical applicability of the thin layer chromatography method to significantly reduce the molecular heterogenity of the studied humic substances was evaluated.
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Filling of Polyurethanes
Bečka, Filip ; Poláček, Petr (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
Bachelor thesis focuses on preparation of filled polyurethanes, determination of tensile properties, hardness and measurement of IR spectra. Theoretical part is devoted to main components of polyurethane systems and the most common inorganic, particulate filler and summarises knowledge about application of mineral fillers into polyurethane matrix. In experimental part was developed method of application of fillers into polyurethane and test specimens were prepared. Dispersion of fillers into polyol and affected workability was investigated. For examination of test specimens 3 methods were used: FTIR spectroscopy, tensile testing and hardness measurement. FTIR spectroscopy was used to investigate conversion of free isocyanate groups an OH groups. Tensile testing proved toughness of material and tensile modulus was determinated. Conformity of strength and stress at break and also conformity of strain at strength and strain at break was found. No yield point was observed for the specimens. Hardness of specimens was measured by the Shore A method.
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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on nanostructures
Halabuková, Hana ; Münz, Filip (referee) ; Kolíbal, Miroslav (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with the plasmon resonance of the nanostructures of several selected tungsten oxides using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR spectroscopy). The physical principles of the plasmonics, the characteristics of the materials used, as well as the principle of operating and measuring on the FTIR spectrometer, are described in the first part of this thesis. The second part is focused on the preparation of samples and performing measurements on the FTIR spectrometer. This part ends by representing the final spectra and the results obtained.
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Molecular modelling - Structure and Properties of carbene-based catalyst
Kulovaná, Eva ; Hermanová, Soňa (referee) ; Richtera, Lukáš (advisor)
Pomocí molekulového modelování je možné předpovídat chování nových látek a napomáhá při jinak obtížné interpretaci experimentálních dat. Cílem práce byla predikce vybraných vlastností polymeračních katalyzátorů na bázi karbenů, predikce jejich struktur a spektrálních charakteristik a studie mechanismu polymerace za otevření kruhu laktidu. K ověření chování karbenů a jejich prekurzorů ve formě chloridů byly studovány vybrané charakteristiky molekuly. Byl proveden výpočet vybraných molekulových orbitalů a elektrostatických map. Následně pomocí počítačových programů byly získány teoretické vazebné délky a úhly vybraných imidazolových a imidazolinových sloučenin, karbenů a jejich možných produktů hydrolýzy. Data strukturně podobných, již charakterizovaných sloučenin, byla získána z CCDC (Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre) a následně byla konfrontována s vypočítanými daty. Byla změřena infračervená a Ramanova spektra imidazolové soli a infračervené spektrum příslušného karbenu. Tato spektra byla konfrontována s napredikovanými. Pro lepší interpretaci spekter byla spočítána spektra možných produktů hydrolýzy. Následně byl studován mechanismus polymerace za otevření kruhu laktidu. Na základě spočítaných energií stacionárních bodů byl navržen nový mechanismus polymerace.
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Complex physicochemical analysis of natural medicinal water
Machátová, Nikol ; Doskočil, Leoš (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the study of the content humic substances in natural medicinal water. Humic substances extracted from this water were characterized by UV-VIS and FTIR spectroscopy, hereafter microbiological tests were performed. The main aim was determine the content HS using the norm ČSN 75 7536 and the calibration curves of standard fulvic acid Suwannee River. Another part of this bachelor thesis was focused on spectrometric characterization HS after different degree of purification. Humic substances were characterized by absorption coefficients and FTIR spectroscopy.
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Utilization of vibrational spectroscopy in study on interactions between humic substances and organic ions.
Stehlíková, Kristína ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
The main objective of this bachelor thesis was to validate the potential of the utilization of vibrational spectroscopy in the study on interactions between humic substances and organic ions. Unmodified (HA) and methylated humic acids (mHA) were chosen as model humic substances and organic ions were represented by methylene blue, rhodamine 6G and Septonex. Firstly, a suitable infrared spectroscopy technique was chosen. The results of optimization measurements showed that spectra with the best resolution can be obtained using the DRIFTS technique. The next part of the thesis discusses the effect of methylation in the structure of humic acids. Significant differences were recorded in mHA compared to the unmodified humic acids. Finally, the spectra of humic acid – organic ion complexes were compared to the spectra of prepared blank samples. It was noted that the spectra of complexes are not only a simple sum of the pure individual substances’ spectra, but also shifts and changes in the intensity of different absorption bands were recorded there. It suggests that non-covalent interactions played an important role in the complexes. Infrared spectroscopy was proved to be a useful method for investigating these interactions.
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Interactions of aminoclays with natural polyelectrolytes
Jančík Procházková, Anna ; Mravec, Filip (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the preparation of products of interactions of aminoclay with natural polyelectrolytes. Sodium hyaluronate was chosen as the natural polyelectrolyte. The concentration and volume ratio of solutions of aminoclay and natural polyelectrolyte which led to the formation of any type of product were studied. The resulting coagulates were characterized by microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and rheology. Furthermore the possibility of interactions with fluorescent probes was studied.
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Regulation of production of lipids and lipid compounds in yeasts
Rapta, Marek ; Breierová, Emília (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Oleogenic yeasts under appropriate conditions produce and accumulate lipids and lipid-soluble metabolites in high amounts. This attribute is characteristic also for red yeasts that except lipids accumulate also carotenoids – natural pigments used in food industry and dietary supplements. The aim of this diploma thesis was designed as a comparative screening study of production properties of strains Cystofilobasidium capitatum, Rhodotorula glutinis, Sporobolomyces roseus and Sporobolomyces shibatanus. Choosen carbon sources were glucose and glycerol as waste by-product in biofuel industry. The best production properties were found in Cystofilobasidium capitatum and Rhodotorula glutinis. These two strains produced increased amounts of lipids as well as higher amounts of carotenoids. Strains were tested by FTIR spectroscopy that enables high-throughput, uncomplicated and accurate analysis.
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Physicochemical and structural analysis for characterization of native and modified humic acids
Solanský, Pavel ; Sovová, Šárka (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on structural and physicochemical characterization of native and methylated humic acid. These samples of humic acids, which were isolated from oxidized brown coal Leonardite, were characterized by thermal and spectrometric methods. The following analytical techniques were selected to determine the structural and physico-chemical changes between native and methylated humic acid: thermogravimetry (TGA), elemental analysis (EA), molecular absorption spectroscopy (UV/Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescence spectroscopy and last but not least nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). The aim of this bachelor thesis was to find the differences in the structure of selected humic acids and also to verify the suitability of the techniques, which were used to characterize these biocolloid substances.
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