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Self-sensing properties of alkali-activated slag composites under compressive loading
Míková, Maria ; Kusák, Ivo (referee) ; Rovnaník, Pavel (advisor)
Production of construction materials requires a large amount of energy. That can be decreased by using of waste materials. This thesis deals with the self-sensing properties of composites. It presents electrical properties of building materials and their measurement. In the experimental part, the influence of conductive fillers on the self-sensing properties of aluminosilicate composites was examined. Test cubes were made of alkali-activated slag with a content of graphite powder, carbon black, carbon fibers, steel fibers or carbon nanotubes. The fractional change in resistence during cyclic compressive loading was monitored.
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Effect of flexural loading on electrical properties of alkali-activated slag composites
Šimko, Lukáš ; Kusák, Ivo (referee) ; Rovnaník, Pavel (advisor)
Ordinary concrete is the most commonly used building material, but nowadays the requirements for low energy consumption, durability of structures together with their easy diagnostics as well as ecological production raises. This thesis deals with cement and aluminosilicate composites with content of conductive fillers, which allows to monitor the change in electrical properties, most commonly electrical resistance in dependence on mechanical stress. In the experimental part of the thesis, test beams were produced based on alkali-activated slag with content of carbon nanotubes, graphite powder, carbon black and carbon fibre. The beams were subjected to flexural loading in a three-point bending configuration and the shift in electrical resistance was monitored.
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Degradation of liquid insulators for high voltage
Komárek, Filip ; Štěpánek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Krbal, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with measurement of liquid insulators. Mainly it deals with diagnostic tests of transformer oil. Diagnostic tests are needed to identify oil status and to determine the parameters of the oil. The status of the used oil determines its type of degradation and progress of degradation. For the determination of degradation it is necessary to know the composition of the essential oil, to determine how it has changed the structure of the oil and the oil did not contain before use. To determine the basic electrical properties of the oil are used in diagnostic tests such as dielectric strength and dissipation factor. This work is in addition to a summary of diagnostic tests observation of mineral oil with an unknown degree of degradation and behavior of impurities in mineral oil once the electric field.
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PHASE COMPOSITION OF CHOSEN Mg-BASED MATERIALS DURING HYDROGEN SORPTION
Čermák, Jiří ; Král, Lubomír ; Roupcová, Pavla
Phase transformation during hydrogen sorption was investigated in ten chosen magnesium-based hydrogen storage (HS) materials. Chemical composition of the materials consisted of Mg, as a principal hydrogen-binding element, additive X and amorphous carbon (CB), as an anti-sticking component. In order to assess the effect of X itself upon the structure, values of concentration of both X and CB were fixed to about 12 wt. %. The influence of X = Mg2Si, Mg2Ge, Mg17Al12, Mg5Ga2, NaCl, LiCl, NaF, LiF and two combinations Ni+Mg17Al12 and Ni+Mg2Si upon the changes in phase composition was tested. Phase content in HS materials was observed (i) after the intensive ball milling (BM), (ii) after the BM followed by hydrogen charging at 623 K and (iii) after the BM and one hydrogen charging/discharging cycle (C/D) at temperature 623 K. The study was carried out by SEM and XRD. It was found that, the C/D is approximately structurally reversible for X = Mg2Ge, Mg17Al12, NaF and LiF. However, additives X = Mg17Al12 and NaF decompose already during the BM. In alloys with combination of Ni with Mg17Al12, new phases NimAln are formed. Phase composition changed during C/D for X = Mg2Si Mg5Ga2 and Ni+Mg2Si due to equilibration of phases composition. Observed structure changes of HS materials with chloride ionic additives NaCl and LiCl are, most likely caused by the relatively strong affinity between Mg and Cl. Hydrogen storage capacity of all studied alloys was 6.0 +/- 0.3 wt. % H-2.
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Microstructure of carbon black nanomaterials studied by X-ray scattering
Machovec, Petr ; Dopita, Milan (advisor) ; Horák, Lukáš (referee)
Název práce: Studium mikrostruktury uhlíkových nanomateriálů pomocí rentgenové difrakce Autor: Petr Machovec Katedra: Katedra fyziky kondenzovaných látek Vedoucí bakalářské práce: RNDr. Milan Dopita, Ph.D., Katedra fyziky kondenzovaných látek Abstrakt: Předkládaná práce se zabývá studiem mikrostruktury, struktury a reálné struktury turbostratického uhlíku a uhlíkových nanotrubic pomocí metod rozptylu rentgenového záření. Klastry turbostratického uhlíku jsou popsány pomocí sady fyzikálních parametrů. Pomocí počítačových simulací je popsán vliv těchto parametrů na výslednou rozptylovou křivku. Dále je předkládán popis dvou typů uhlíkových nanotrubic a je popsán vliv typu a rozměrů uhlíkových nanotrubic na výslednou rozptylovou křivku. Pro experimentální část práce byla připravena série vzorků turbostratického uhlíku žíhaného při teplotách 300℃, 600℃, 800℃, 1000℃, 1200℃, 1400℃ a 1800℃. Pomocí maloúhlového rozptylu rentgenového záření byla určena velikost nanočástic a jejich rozdělení, velikost mikropórů, specifický povrch a dimenze povrchového fraktálu. Další fyzikální parametry jako velikosti a rozdělení velikostí klastrů La a Lc turbostratické uhlíku, mřížové parametry a a c a střední kvadratické výchylky atomů ve směru grafenových vrstev a ve směru kolmém byly určeny z širokoúhlových rentgenografických...
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Electrochemical Investigation of Polylactic Acid/Carbon Black Composite Filament for the Manufacture of 3D Printed Electrodes
Sebechlebská, Táňa ; Vaněčková, Eva ; Shestivska, Violetta ; Kolivoška, Viliam
Fused deposition modeling 3D printing has recently attracted increasing attention as an inexpensive, fast, reliable, adaptable and environmentally friendly tool to fabricate electrodes and electrochemical cells from composites of thermoplastics and carbon nanostructures. In this work, we use electric conductance measurements and cyclic voltammetry employing Ru(acac)30/1- as an electroactive probe to demonstrate that commercial polylactic acid(PLA)/carbon black composite filaments may be readily used as functional working electrodes in aqueous electrolytes. We further devise a procedure that leads to an improvement of their electrochemical performance. Characteristics of composite filaments treated by the optimized procedure approach those of classical metallic electrodes.
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Self-sensing properties of alkali-activated slag composites under compressive loading
Míková, Maria ; Kusák, Ivo (referee) ; Rovnaník, Pavel (advisor)
Production of construction materials requires a large amount of energy. That can be decreased by using of waste materials. This thesis deals with the self-sensing properties of composites. It presents electrical properties of building materials and their measurement. In the experimental part, the influence of conductive fillers on the self-sensing properties of aluminosilicate composites was examined. Test cubes were made of alkali-activated slag with a content of graphite powder, carbon black, carbon fibers, steel fibers or carbon nanotubes. The fractional change in resistence during cyclic compressive loading was monitored.
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Effect of flexural loading on electrical properties of alkali-activated slag composites
Šimko, Lukáš ; Kusák, Ivo (referee) ; Rovnaník, Pavel (advisor)
Ordinary concrete is the most commonly used building material, but nowadays the requirements for low energy consumption, durability of structures together with their easy diagnostics as well as ecological production raises. This thesis deals with cement and aluminosilicate composites with content of conductive fillers, which allows to monitor the change in electrical properties, most commonly electrical resistance in dependence on mechanical stress. In the experimental part of the thesis, test beams were produced based on alkali-activated slag with content of carbon nanotubes, graphite powder, carbon black and carbon fibre. The beams were subjected to flexural loading in a three-point bending configuration and the shift in electrical resistance was monitored.
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Degradation of liquid insulators for high voltage
Komárek, Filip ; Štěpánek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Krbal, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with measurement of liquid insulators. Mainly it deals with diagnostic tests of transformer oil. Diagnostic tests are needed to identify oil status and to determine the parameters of the oil. The status of the used oil determines its type of degradation and progress of degradation. For the determination of degradation it is necessary to know the composition of the essential oil, to determine how it has changed the structure of the oil and the oil did not contain before use. To determine the basic electrical properties of the oil are used in diagnostic tests such as dielectric strength and dissipation factor. This work is in addition to a summary of diagnostic tests observation of mineral oil with an unknown degree of degradation and behavior of impurities in mineral oil once the electric field.
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