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Effect of a nuclear power plant in terms of radiatin burden
Vániš, Jiří ; Procházka, Zdeněk (referee) ; Belatka, Martin (advisor)
This text deals with ionizing radiation affecting nuclear power plant personnel and surrounding population. Irradiation limits of radiological industry personnel are also mentioned along with ways of protecting them and checks on absorbed ionizing radiation dose. In conclusion, a nuclear power plant, as a source of ionizing radiation, and its effects on contamination of water sources and gas vents are evaluated. The next part be engaged problematical of storage nuclear waste from the time, when is removed the nuclear waste from nuclear reactor, trough permanent storage.
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Efekt podpory výskytu přirozených predátorů škůdců na zdraví a vitalitu ovocných dřevin
Bernatová, Martina
Predators (both invertebrates and vertebrates) can have a positive or negative effect on the vitality and physiological processes of woody plants. However, the mutual effect and interaction of several different groups of predators and their influence by different habitat manipulations is still not well known. For this reason, the aim of my work was to find out how biological control, i.e. manipulation to support invertebrate predators, and, conversely, the exclusion of insectivorous predators from vertebrates (birds, bats), or a combination of these two manipulations, will affect the vitality (and health status) of fruit trees, specifically pear. The experiment took place in organic pear orchards in the Zlín and South Moravian Regions. In each orchard (n = 4), 16 trees were selected and divided into groups of 4 trees differing according to the type of manipulation: a) installation of cardboard bands to support invertebrate predators, b) construction with a net to exclude the access of birds and bats, c) combination of cardboard bands and structure with net, d) control tree. The experiment started in the autumn of 2021 with the instalation of cardboard bands and in the spring of 2022 with the instalation of structures with nets for exclusion of birds. During the season (from May to September 2022), samples were collected to determine and compare leaf biomass and herbivory, fruit biomass and damage, and the efficiency of photosynthesis and the content of chlorophyll in the leaves were also measured, as well as the leaf area index. Overall, the results showed a significant positive effect of the manipulations on pear vitality. The best vitality was recorded for trees with a combination of cardboard bands and exclusion of birds and bats. The results show the importance of supporting natural predators of pests (mainly spiders). On the contrary, it is evident that these interactions could be disturbed by insectivorous birds (bats), which have a significant predation effect on spiders and thus can have a cascading effect on the vitality of fruit trees.
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Účinnost vybraných silic při ochraně bramboru vůči bakterii Pectobacterium atrosepticum
Mokrá, Kristýna
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the effect of the active substances of essential oils (thyme, oregano, rosemary, natural thymol, synthetic thymol, carvacrol, menthon, cinnamon) against the Gram-negative bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum. The efficacy of essential oils was determined under laboratory conditions using the disk diffusion method, the values of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. Also, a pathogenicity test was performed on potato tubers with selected essential oils (thyme, thymol natural, and cinnamon). The components natural thymol, synthetic thymol, and the essential oil of cinnamon showed the best results, while menthone and carvacrol showed poor effects against the tested bacteria.
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Účinnost mykoparazitických a entomopatogenních hub proti houbovým původcům onemocnění rostlin
SINKALA, Natasha
Entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi have the potential to be used both locally and internationally as an effective and environmentally friendly strategy for the man-agement of pests and plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens. In this bachelor thesis, the efficacy of beneficial fungi was tested under laboratory conditions. The methodology involved isolation and description of useful fungal species and subse-quent testing of useful fungi with potential mycoparasitic and antagonistic effects. The efficacy of the fungi was tested on pathogens that were mainly isolated from seeds or diseased legume plants. The experiments revealed that all Trichoderma strains isolated from soil of the Czech Republic showed mycoparasitic effect on se-lected pathogens. However, the efficacy of the strains depended on the type of fun-gal pathogen. Spore production of Trichoderma strains was also evaluated both in the control variant as well as the mutual interactions with pathogens. The results again showed differences in spore production among the Trichoderma strains. The myco-parasitic effect of the entomopathogenic fungi Isaria fumosorosea and Akanthomyces attenuatus against the pathogen Botrytis cinerea was also evaluated. The results re-vealed that although I. fumosorosea and A. attenuatus showed a significant mycopar-asitic effect against Botrytis cinerea, the mycoparasitic fungus T. virens showed the highest efficacy against the pathogen. The findings indicated that both mycoparasitic and entomopathogenic fungi are sustainable alternatives to artificial pesticides in the fight against fungal agents of plant diseases.
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Ovocný strom jako biotop (součást ekologické niky)
Krejčí, Martina
The bachelor thesis describes the fruit trees and the organisms that inhabit this environment. It deals primarily with biotic components of the environment, such as predators or availability of food. Describes the importance of biological protection and identifies representatives who are involved in the protection. It evaluates the role played by the age of fruit trees in ecological niche. It also focuses on habitat and saddle-tree assessment.
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Influence of potato seed coating with entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi on the yield and quality of potato tubers
SOBOLÍK, Martin
Quality seed plays an important role in potato cultivation. Only recognised and certified seed potatoes should be used for planting. The health of the seed potatoes is therefore an important parameter. In the bachelor thesis, the effect of seedling coated with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum and the mycoparasitic fungusTrichoderma virens on yield-forming parameters and the health status of the crop and subsequently harvested tubers was investigated. Both beneficial fungal species M. brunneum and T. virens had a positive effect on the growth and development of potato plant. In particular, the mycoparasitic fungus T. virens positively affected growth parameters in plants. Plants from seedlings coated with M. brunneum produced largerer and heavier tubers in compare to the control and T. virens variants. During the vegetation, the M. brunneum variant had statistically the lowest number of larvae and adults of the Leptinotarsa decemlineata. From the data, it was found that the highest actual yield was achieved with the T. virens variant and the theoretical yield with the M. brunneum variant. The BP results suggest that biological methods of plant protection by using of beneficial fungi for coating seeds can be used as an Potato Integrated Pest Management.
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Use of macroorganisms and microorganisms in biological control of aphids
BOŠKA, David
Aphids are one of the most important species of pests, occurring on all continents except Antarctica. Aphids are harmful mainly by sucking, honeydew production and transmitting hundreds of viral diseases. The most important greenhouse aphids occurring in the Czech Republic are the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii). Their danger lies in the rapid development cycle, when there is a rapid increase in populations. Despite the great damage they cause, aphids are very defenceless and small insect with a large number of naturally occurring enemies. The most important natural enemies are predators, parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi. In the biological control of plants against aphids, the predator ladybeetles (Coccinellidae), lacewings (Chrysopidae) and the aphidophagous gall midge (Aphidoletes aphidimyza) are mainly used. In the nature, aphids are also regulated by hoverflies (Syrphidae). The most important aphid parasitoids are mainly the parasitic wasps Aphidius colemani, Aphidius ervi and Aphelinus abdominalis. From the microorganisms, the polyphagous entomopathogenic fungi are used, they cause primary infections in several species of pests. From the microorganisms, entomopathogenic fungi are mainly entomopathogenic fungi that can attack polyphagous more species of harmful organisms. The bioproducts based on entomopathogenic fungi Lecanicillium lecanii, Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea are available on the foreign market. They were developed for biological control against aphids and other pests.
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Využití biologických prostředků na ochranu brambor vůči mandelince bramborové
KURÁŽ, Jakub
The aim of the work was to verify possibilities of biological control against Colorado potato beetle by using cultivated indigenous entomopathogenic fungi and entomopathogenic nematodes from potato fields in Czech Republic before chemical treatment or ecological agriculture and verify their efficacy against Colorado potato beetle. All results are included in attached charts or tables.
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Evaluation of development of various strains of Beauveria bassiana in different environmental conditions
ŠEBEK, Jaroslav
The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is a polyphagous species of fungus that attacks more than 700 species of hosts. This species of fungus is one of the most researched and most common representatives of entomopathogenic fungi. Many of bioproducts based on conidia or blastospores of B. bassiana are registered around the world. These bioproducts are used in biological control against various pests of field crops, fast-growing vegetables and ornamental flowers and in forest stands against certain pest species. The bachelor thesis focuses on the basic "in vitro" parameters of selected strains of entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana from different geographical areas. The work focuses on the effect of temperature on the germination of strains of the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana. Furthermore, the growth and development of B. bassiana strains (radial growth) were compared. And the last part is focused on the comparison of spore production of strains of entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana on standard nutrient medium and natural substrate.
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