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The concept of aspect-seeing and its application in metaphor theory
Waloschek, Jonáš ; Kubalík, Štěpán (advisor) ; Kulka, Tomáš (referee)
The diploma thesis offers an outline of the progression of thinking about metaphor and at the same time follows the role that particular theories attribute to the concept of similarity and imagination. The common definition of metaphor as a figurative name, which is based on similarity, a conception which can be traced back to Aristotle, became a target of criticism and refutation in the works of analytical philosophy. In the first step, we will see how all of the three assumptions present in this definition are challenged, namely the assumption that metaphors are necessarily figurative, that they are a type of naming, and that they are based on the principle of similarity. In the second step, we will introduce a theory that reimagines the role of imagery and defends the view that quasi- sensory ideas of readers play a significant role in understanding metaphors. This theory can be found in the works of Marcus Hester, who, in an original way, uses Wittgenstein's notion of aspect- seeing, and whose contribution is especially appreciated by the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur. The work will examine the ways in which Hester understands and modifies Wittgenstein's concept and to what extent is his understanding appropriate in relation to other possible interpretations of Wittgenstein. Despite the...
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Paul Ricoeur's metaphor theory in the context of his polemic with structuralism
Waloschek, Jonáš ; Kubalík, Štěpán (advisor) ; Ševčík, Miloš (referee)
The bachelor thesis will be devoted to the reflection of the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur on the issue of the limits of the structuralist approach to language and literature. I pay attention to some central conceptual pairs, which are based on the conception of the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure. Ricoeur reviews these bases and points to the limitation of the method thus defined. Contrary to the structuralist approach, Ricoeur's hermeneutical reflections are inspired by a view that answers the issues of discourse, meaning and interpretation, that is to say, issues neglected by structuralism. Attention will be paid to Ricoeur's key distinction between the semantic and semiotic approach that Ricoeur wants to see as complementary, not mutually exclusive. Reflections on the relationship between language as a system and the speech will eventually lead to the theory of metaphor as the extreme case of discourse involved in the development of the language system.
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