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Jiří Langer - The try of Monography
Vlková, Eva ; Hrabáková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Pechová, Drahoslava (referee)
The goal of this diploma work is to introduce the life and the work of Jiří Langer - one of the most interesting Czech Jewish authors. Langer did not use only Czech to express his ideas, but also Hebrew and the German language. I introduced him as a Czech author because I am convinced that it was mostly the Prague environment that formed him. The second important influence was his experience of Hasidism. Jiří Langer entered the world of literature thanks to the study Die Erotik der Kabbala and other Judaic works - in this period under the influence of Freud. He published in Czech his master work Devět bran (Nine Gates) in 1937 - an interesting collection of Hasidic legends, which is not comparable to any other works. In 1938 he succeeded to publish Talmud. Ukázky dějiny. (The Talmud. Excerpts and History) - a Judaic publication destined for Czech clerks in Galicia. He proved his translation and poetic abilities by publishing the anthology of Hebrew poetry from the 10th to the 19th century called Zpěvy zavržených (Songs of the Rejected) in 1938. The last two books, he managed to publish, was the Hebrew poetry. The first Piyutim veShirei Yedidut appeared in Prague in 1929, the second Me'at Tzori was published after his death in Palestine in 1943. Among his friends were Franz Kafka, Max Brod and Dov Sadan....
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Femtosecond Laser in Lower and Higher Myopia
Kacerovská, Jana ; Rozsíval, Pavel (advisor) ; Vlková, Eva (referee) ; Baráková, Drahomíra (referee)
2. SUMMARY Goal: The goal of this study was to evaluate the results and the efficiency of laser interventions where we use the femtosecond laser - FS-LASIK and ReLEx SMILE. We performed a retrospective data analysis by comparing the post-operational visual acuity development in a group of one hundred patients with lower and higher myopia and astigmatism. We also compared the influence of laser on the tear film and the macular thickness. Method: The studied cohort of patients consisted of two major groups. The first group included patients with lower myopia and the second group included patients with higher myopia. In each group, one half of the patients underwent the femtoLASIK surgery and the other half underwent the ReLEx SMILE surgery. We thus observed 50 patients (100 eyes) with lower myopia and 50 patients (100 eyes) with higher myopia. In the retrospective data analysis, we included patients younger than 45 years with the spherical equivalent of the myopic refractive error ranging from -0,75 to -4,12, concerning the group suffering from lower myopia, and ranging from -6,25 to -11,5, concerning the group suffering from higher myopia. Before the operations, we measured the uncorrected visual acuity of 1,0 in all patients. Results: During post-surgical check-ups, the values of uncorrected visual acuity...
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Jiří Langer - The try of Monography
Vlková, Eva ; Hrabáková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Pechová, Drahoslava (referee)
The goal of this diploma work is to introduce the life and the work of Jiří Langer - one of the most interesting Czech Jewish authors. Langer did not use only Czech to express his ideas, but also Hebrew and the German language. I introduced him as a Czech author because I am convinced that it was mostly the Prague environment that formed him. The second important influence was his experience of Hasidism. Jiří Langer entered the world of literature thanks to the study Die Erotik der Kabbala and other Judaic works - in this period under the influence of Freud. He published in Czech his master work Devět bran (Nine Gates) in 1937 - an interesting collection of Hasidic legends, which is not comparable to any other works. In 1938 he succeeded to publish Talmud. Ukázky dějiny. (The Talmud. Excerpts and History) - a Judaic publication destined for Czech clerks in Galicia. He proved his translation and poetic abilities by publishing the anthology of Hebrew poetry from the 10th to the 19th century called Zpěvy zavržených (Songs of the Rejected) in 1938. The last two books, he managed to publish, was the Hebrew poetry. The first Piyutim veShirei Yedidut appeared in Prague in 1929, the second Me'at Tzori was published after his death in Palestine in 1943. Among his friends were Franz Kafka, Max Brod and Dov Sadan....
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Epidemiology and preventive measures in inherited retinal dystrophies in the Czech Republic.
Kousal, Bohdan ; Lišková, Petra (advisor) ; Vlková, Eva (referee) ; Mahelková, Gabriela (referee)
Introduction: Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are one of the most common causes of incurable blindness in children and young adults. In the Czech Republic, prior to the start of our work, these disorders had not been the subject of a systematic research. The aim of the study was to identify, clinically characterize and molecular genetically analyse Czech patients with monogenic IRDs and based on the knowledge gained subsequently implement preventive and therapeutic measures to clinical practice. Material and methods: We have performed a comprehensive clinical examination, genealogical analysis and molecular genetic investigation in patients with IRDs and their family members. Detailed ocular examination included spectral domain optical coherence tomography, high-resolution fundus photography and autofluorescence imaging. DNA was isolated from venous blood samples or buccal cells. Causal variants were searched for using Sanger and massively parallel sequencing, and their pathogenicity was evaluated in the context of previously published data, bioinformatical analysis and segregation in available family members. Results: In total, 103 individuals from 76 Czech families diagnosed with IRDs were characterized and their data published. Specifically, we have described clinical and molecular genetic...
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Inherited corneal disorders: options for early detection, influencing the onset and progression.
Skalická, Pavlína ; Lišková, Petra (advisor) ; Netuková, Magdaléna (referee) ; Vlková, Eva (referee)
Introduction: The development of molecular genetic methods has in many fields necessitated their inclusion in routine clinical practice, including ophthalmology. The main aim of this thesis was detailed clinical characterization of Czech patients with suspected inherited corneal disorders, followed by genetic testing to determine or specify their clinical diagnosis and subsequently to use the knowledge gained in clinical and genetic counselling and to apply preventive measures in order to avoid loss of vision. Material and Methods: Individuals included in this research were either followed up or newly referred to the Cornea clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague. Detailed clinical examination included corneal tomography, specular microscopy, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, biometry and genealogical analysis. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes or buccal cells. Disease-causing variants were searched for using Sanger or massively parallel sequencing, variant pathogenicity was assessed in silico using various algorithms and by segregation analyses within the families. In some cases assessment of the functional impact on the pre-mRNA splicing process was performed. In patients with...
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Femtosecond Laser in Lower and Higher Myopia
Kacerovská, Jana ; Rozsíval, Pavel (advisor) ; Vlková, Eva (referee) ; Baráková, Drahomíra (referee)
2. SUMMARY Goal: The goal of this study was to evaluate the results and the efficiency of laser interventions where we use the femtosecond laser - FS-LASIK and ReLEx SMILE. We performed a retrospective data analysis by comparing the post-operational visual acuity development in a group of one hundred patients with lower and higher myopia and astigmatism. We also compared the influence of laser on the tear film and the macular thickness. Method: The studied cohort of patients consisted of two major groups. The first group included patients with lower myopia and the second group included patients with higher myopia. In each group, one half of the patients underwent the femtoLASIK surgery and the other half underwent the ReLEx SMILE surgery. We thus observed 50 patients (100 eyes) with lower myopia and 50 patients (100 eyes) with higher myopia. In the retrospective data analysis, we included patients younger than 45 years with the spherical equivalent of the myopic refractive error ranging from -0,75 to -4,12, concerning the group suffering from lower myopia, and ranging from -6,25 to -11,5, concerning the group suffering from higher myopia. Before the operations, we measured the uncorrected visual acuity of 1,0 in all patients. Results: During post-surgical check-ups, the values of uncorrected visual acuity...
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Implementation of novel methods of tissue preparation and storage for transplantation purposes in ophthalmology
Rybičková, Ivana ; Jirsová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Vlková, Eva (referee) ; Čejková, Jitka (referee)
Introduction: Recent advances in posterior lamellar keratoplasty necessitated the preparation of posterior corneal lamellae even in the Czech Republic. The aim of this work was to introduce and standardize a novel method of manual preparation of corneal lamellae for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty with a Stromal rim (DMEK-S) in an ocular tissue bank. After setting the criteria for endothelial quality, we obtained a licence to provide the tissues for transplantation purposes. The obtained results were analysed after two years. Furthermore, a novel lamellar insertion technique using a cartridge was assessed. The potentials for the long-term storage of posterior corneal lamellae by the vitrification in liquid ethane was studied using human amniotic membrane as a model tissue. Material and Methods: Corneoscleral buttons stored in tissue cultures were used to prepare lamellae consisting of a central zone of endothelium and Descemet membrane supported by a stromal rim at the periphery. The manual preparation was performed on an artificial anterior chamber using the big bubble technique. Endothelial quality was assessed before storage, before and immediately after preparation as well as after 2 days of storage at 31řC. A group of 12 corneas with a live endothelial cell density ≥ 2500 cells/mm2...
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Survival of bifidobacteria in digestive tract of adult volunteers
Morgensternová, Tereza ; Vlková, Eva (advisor) ; Jitka, Jitka (referee)
Probiotics are living microorganisms, which contribute to health improvement.
The bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium are one of the most commonly used probiotics. These bacteria are naturally occurring especially in the digestive tract of mammals. They affect the digestive process by helping to optimize the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The probiotic bacteria are expected to survive in the digestive tract and to be able to colonize the intestinal mucosa. The aim of this diploma thesis was to test bifidobacteria of different origin for certain functional properties. Three strains of bifidobacteria were selected: Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis DAN (isolated from Danone yoghurt), Bifidobacterium bifidum JKM (isolated from infant feces) and Bifidobacterium longum ssp. suis 5/9 (isolated from feces of a calf);
and tested in vitro a in vivo. The ability to survive in simulated conditions of digestive tract was tested. The bifidobacteria were exposed to low pH and bile salts. All the strains survived the conditions in unaltered amount till the end of the test. Autoaggregation was observed
as well. The strain Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis DAN showed average autoaggregation only 7,69 %. The other two strains had average autoaggregation 16,10 % and 79,05 %.
The autoaggregation correlated with adherence. Adherence was tested on intestinal cell lines
HT-29, Caco-2 and HT29-MTX, which differed in their ability to produce mucin. The strain Bifidobacterium bifidum JKM showed the best ability to adhere to intestinal cells among all the tested bifidobacteria. They best adhered to Caco-2 cells.
Further, it was necessary to determine if the in vitro study is in correlation with in vivo testing and the bifidobacteria strain with the best ability to adhere will survive in the digestive tract of adult volunteers for the longest time. Rifampicin resistant variants of tested bacteria were given to adult volunteers to distinguish the introduced bifidobacteria and
the bifidobacteria naturally occurring in intestine. All the tested bacteria survived the passage through the digestive tract in large numbers (106 a 107 KTJ/g), the bacteria were not detected 12th day after the introduction. None of the strains is able to permanently colonize the colon of the volunteers. The hypothesis was not confirmed that the most adherent strain
in the digestive tract will survive the longest.
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Kidney Transplantation in Theological-Ethical Reflexion
Zárubová, Jaroslava ; Milfait, René (advisor) ; Vlková, Eva (referee)
In my diploma work i tried to valued transplant in a christiant (religious) point of view. My essay (diploma work) is consisit of (devided to) two parts - medical part, in which I have written about individual steps made before the exact transplant and I also explained what are the benefits and negatives of transplant. In the first part I also included law issues of transplant in Czech legislation, about the difficulty to donate the organ, perhaps the risk of the individual donors. I described the criteria of death from medical and ethical point of view. In a second part(teological) I have written about the value of the transplant from the ethical point of view, the religious side (reflexion) it means till when the human being is still considered as a person whose dignity has to be (needs to be) respected and whether the human autonomia is the ethical password. From the religious point of view (side) does not exist objection against volunteery transplant donors. Donor transplant is morally accepted with agreement of the donors themself and without excessive (enourmous) risks included. The purpose of th death of the individual is diagnosed (found out) first before the transplant can be donated. The possibility of the donation (transplant) abuse is the organs selling market. In the christian way the life is...
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