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Determination of toxic and essential elements in plants
Filipčíková, Marcela ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Vitoulová, Eva (advisor)
The aim of diploma thesis is occurrence of toxic and essential elements in vegetables and fruit, especially in fruity baby food. The diploma thesis also dedicates processing of vegetables and fruit for production of baby food. Attention is direct to monitoring of baby food quality in the analytical aspects and also to legislative that is in this area. Samples for analysis are prepared using microwave mineralization and ICP-MS for detection. This is described in the experimental part of the diploma thesis.
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Possibilities of determination of metalocompounds present in living systems
Hauerlandová, Petra ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Vitoulová, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of metallomics. There are explained basic concepts and definitions, differences between the metal-binding proteins and metalloproteins. This thesis also deals with metallothioneins and theirs basic types. The study describes possible interactions of metals and organic compounds. Attention is paid to interactions between metals and peptides or proteins. There are given examples of some essential metals, which are linked to important organic compounds, which are necessary for the proper function of the organism. Mainly there are described enzymes necessary for the human body. There are also referred organic compounds of toxic metals. Another part of the thesis is devoted to analytical methods used for determination of metallocompounds. There are described methods for separation and detection, which are combined for qualification and quantification of metallocompounds. There are referred examples of the determination of some metallocompounds.
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Analysis of elements in nutrition supplements
Motlová, Tereza ; Navrátilová, Jana (referee) ; Vitoulová, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with food supplements, mineral elements and their determination in dietary supplements. The aim of this thesis was to elaborate a literature review focused on the food supplements, mineral elements, which are used in food supplements, and methods for determination of mineral elements in nutrition supplements. Forepart of this bachelor treats of food supplements, their basic categories, mineral elements which are contained in nutrition supplements and their effects in case of their oversupply (at high doses) or lack (at low concentrations) in a human body. Other part of this thesis is concerned with options of mineral elements determination in food supplements. Thereinafter, the thesis deals with ways of preparing samples for determination and analytical methods which are used for determination of mineral elements in nutrition supplements. Food supplements are foodstuffs which serve to direct consumption. Supplements differ from casually foodstuffs by high contents of vitamins, mineral elements and others matters which have nutrition and physiological effect. Food supplements are manufactured in order to achieve a diet completion of common user with positive impact on human health.
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Determination of semimetals in selected food samples
Gállová, Eva ; Vitoulová, Eva (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with an optimization technique for the determination of semimetals in selected samples of food, which consists of sample digestion, preconcentration and detection of the elements. Preconcentration is usually chosen because these elements are contained in foods only in trace amounts, which are undetectable for some techniques. This work also made characteristics of semimetals, in terms of their functions in the body, of the occurrence in food and the consequences for the organism on their surplus or shortage. The chosen technique of preconcentration in this work was the preconcentration of titanium dioxide. When optimizing the techniques, however, was unlike the results published in literature, obtained low yield of elements sorbed on titanium dioxide, therefore the samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry directly after their mineralization, wet digestion with low temperature. The results of this work indicate that the elements arsenic, boron and selenium are given technique detectable without preconcentration, whilst set germanium content in all samples failed, due to very low concentrations and therefore in these cases would be required preconcentration.
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Technology of fruity baby food and its monitoring
Gállová, Eva ; Babák, Libor (referee) ; Vitoulová, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is showing technological procedure of fruit baby food production and its monitoring. It specifies the list of used fruits and ingredients for the production. It analyses particular pocedures of stuff processing and and production process from bringing the stuff to the factory to ready products delivery. It analyses toxic impacts and contamiators checkout as well, that may appear in fruit baby meals. There is a legislation part concerning manufacturing process of agricultural production and food inspection of Czech republic that showed defects on baby ready meals.
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Selected inorganic pollutants in foodstuffs
Kroupová, Kateřina ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vitoulová, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focus on occurrence of inorganic pollutants in foodstuffs. The introduction is dedicated to apperance of individual selected elements in foodstuffs. Concentration of these elements is very important factor for examination of toxic effects for the human organism. If we want to avoid the harmful effects to the human organism, we have to define border limits. Work is based on the legislative of Czech republic. Second part of this study is focused on the biological monitoring. The biological monitoring is important for precautionary measures. In the third part of this study are described toxical effects of these elements to the human organism. Before qualitative and quantitative analysis by instrumental techniques is important to properly take the sample. In the fourth and fifth part of this work are mentioned methods used for determination of these elements and metods of taking samples. This bachelor thesis provide complex view on the problems of pollutants in foodstuffs and it should be used as a base for following diploma thesis.
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Toxic compounds of mushrooms
Ascherová, Adriana ; Vitoulová, Eva (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This work is devoted to the toxic compounds of mushrooms. The theme is divided into three sections. The first part deals with the chemical composition of mushrooms, with main emphasis on the content of heavy metals and medicinal substances. The following section is focused on the poisonous mushrooms, the most important representatives and the mechanism of action of their poisons. Part three explains the issue of edible mushrooms and the poisonings, which may cause. In particular they are biogenic amines, the work monitors their chemical composition, origin, structure and distribution, occurrence, biological effects and methods of measurement (gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography and capillary electrophoresis).
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Speciation analysis of selenium in selenized yeast
Motlová, Tereza ; Vitoulová, Eva (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of the theses was determination of selenium species in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultivated in medium with added inorganic form of selenium (Sodium Selenite). Concentrations of Sodium Selenite in cultivation medium were 0,1; 1; 10 and 100 mg.l-1. Cultivation was undertaken in fermenting tub for period of 72 hours. Cultivated yeasts were extracted by use of enzymes and subsequently the species of selenium in particular parts of yeasts were determined. In order to determine selenium species, the method of high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with atomic fluorescent spectrometer and technique of hydride generation was used. Having analysed different fractions of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae it was ascertained that during cultivation the sorption of selenium occurred in form of Se4+ in cell membranes while in cytoplasm no inorganic forms of selenium were found. Furthermore, it was stated that yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae are able to metabolically change inorganic forms of selenium to organic forms (selenomethionine), while these forms are present in cytoplasm and they are likely to be bound to proteinic structures of cell membranes. An increase of concentration of Se4+ in cell membranes could be observed as a result of increasing concentration of Sodium Selenite in cultivation medium. In proteinic structures the concentration of organic selenium forms increased only to concentration 10 mg.l-1 of Sodium Selenite in cultivation medium.
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