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Fumigation methods of wood to control invasive cermabycid beetles from then genus invazním Anoplophora sp.
Stejskal, Václav ; Hnátek, Jonáš ; Vokněr, Jan ; Vendl, Tomáš ; Kadlec, Jakub ; Aulický, Radek
Longhorn beetles Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora chinensis are quarantine pests of woody plants, which are, among other routes, spread in wooden pallets and packaging. The methodology describes the effective application of EDN(R) (active substance ethanedinitrile) in the treatment of wooden packaging and untreated wood in order to reduce the risk of the introduction of invasive species of wood-destroying pests (Anoplophora spp.) into the Czech Republic. Quarantine fumigation with methyl bromide is banned in the EU, and the alternative method of heat treatment (ISMP 15) is logistically demanding and cannot be performed in containers or under tarpaulin. The specific objective of the methodology is to provide a technical description of the procedure for the effective application (under tarpaulin / in a container) of EDN(R) to control longhorn beetles A. glabripennis and A. chinensis; the methodology is also prepared as a basis for the possible need for a rapid emergency regulation (ÚKZÚZ - CISTA) for the use in the Czech Republic of Anoplophora spp. longhorn beetles. Another goal is to give a brief overview and evaluation of methods and used products for phyto-quarantine wood treatment in comparison with the new procedure. The methodology is based on original experimental data, which was the basis for determining effective doses of EDN; the doses were expressed as the so-called Ctproduct of concentration and time. Ct- EDN products were determined to a large extent on the model species of longhorn beetle Hylotrupes bajulus (so-called adequate / analogous model species), and then validated for both target species of quarantine longhorn beetles A. glabripennis and A. chinensis. The methodology presents technical specifications and the use of application equipment for the application of liquefied EDN from cylinders using nitrogen as a propellant.
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Growth and ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Vendl, Tomáš ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Saska, Pavel (referee)
6 Abstract Due to its effect on fitness and many biological processes is body size one of the most important attribute of organisms. Body size is positively correlated with fecundity in insects and other ectotherms. Growth, which determine body size, is therefore crucial feature of animals. Study of growth can elucidate some aspects of body size evolution. Unfortunatelly, many insects life-history studies do not consider its complexity, especially the existence of distinct larval instars. Inaccurate record of growth trajectory may result also in biased differences in growth between sexually dimorphic sexes. Aim of this thesis is to record growth trajectories of two flower beetle species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). These growth trajectories enable to define proximate mechanisms of growth with regard to individual instars. Determination of developmental mechanisms of sexual size dimorphism is another goal of this study. The growth is clearly divided in three distinct periods. In each individual period (i.e. instar) is described by asymptotic curve. The instars are not independent on each other - the growth in following instar is influenced by growth in previous. There are no differences in growth characteristics between sexes. Sexual size dimorphism is caused by differences in growth rate between...
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Growth and sexual selection in selected representatives of scarabaeoid beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea).
Vendl, Tomáš ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Knapp, Michal (referee) ; Skuhrovec, Jiří (referee)
Flower chafers are well-known beetles with apparent sexual dimorphism. Yet, in contrast to other groups of scarab beetles, only little attention has been paid to various aspects of this phenomenon. It concerns also sexual dimorphism in size, which is very common in animals. Although ultimate causes of sexual size dimorphism have been extensively studied, the developmental mechanisms are still only poorly understood. We investigated proximate causes of sexual size dimorphism in several differentially dimorphic flower chafer species. We found that in highly dimorphic species the dimorphism started to develop already in the first instar and tended to accumulate through successive larval development. In contrast, the sexes in species with a relatively low dimorphism diverged in size during only one instar. Moreover, we found variability not only in when the dimorphism arises during development, but also how: sex-related differences in both the instar duration and average growth rate were the proximate causes of sexual size dimorphism. In addition, we showed that the sexes may differ also in growth trajectory - males had relatively longer period of rapid growth than females, even in cases where the absolute development times were similar in both sexes. Further, we focused on systematic survey of sexual...
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Growth and sexual selection in selected representatives of scarabaeoid beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea).
Vendl, Tomáš ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Knapp, Michal (referee) ; Skuhrovec, Jiří (referee)
Flower chafers are well-known beetles with apparent sexual dimorphism. Yet, in contrast to other groups of scarab beetles, only little attention has been paid to various aspects of this phenomenon. It concerns also sexual dimorphism in size, which is very common in animals. Although ultimate causes of sexual size dimorphism have been extensively studied, the developmental mechanisms are still only poorly understood. We investigated proximate causes of sexual size dimorphism in several differentially dimorphic flower chafer species. We found that in highly dimorphic species the dimorphism started to develop already in the first instar and tended to accumulate through successive larval development. In contrast, the sexes in species with a relatively low dimorphism diverged in size during only one instar. Moreover, we found variability not only in when the dimorphism arises during development, but also how: sex-related differences in both the instar duration and average growth rate were the proximate causes of sexual size dimorphism. In addition, we showed that the sexes may differ also in growth trajectory - males had relatively longer period of rapid growth than females, even in cases where the absolute development times were similar in both sexes. Further, we focused on systematic survey of sexual...
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Growth and ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Vendl, Tomáš ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Saska, Pavel (referee)
6 Abstract Due to its effect on fitness and many biological processes is body size one of the most important attribute of organisms. Body size is positively correlated with fecundity in insects and other ectotherms. Growth, which determine body size, is therefore crucial feature of animals. Study of growth can elucidate some aspects of body size evolution. Unfortunatelly, many insects life-history studies do not consider its complexity, especially the existence of distinct larval instars. Inaccurate record of growth trajectory may result also in biased differences in growth between sexually dimorphic sexes. Aim of this thesis is to record growth trajectories of two flower beetle species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). These growth trajectories enable to define proximate mechanisms of growth with regard to individual instars. Determination of developmental mechanisms of sexual size dimorphism is another goal of this study. The growth is clearly divided in three distinct periods. In each individual period (i.e. instar) is described by asymptotic curve. The instars are not independent on each other - the growth in following instar is influenced by growth in previous. There are no differences in growth characteristics between sexes. Sexual size dimorphism is caused by differences in growth rate between...
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