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Morphological changes of cardiopulmonary vascular bed under experimental conditions
Novotný, Tomáš ; Vajner, Luděk (advisor) ; Mazurová, Yvona (referee) ; Tonar, Zbyněk (referee)
In rats, the environment with low content of oxygen induces the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension based also on remodeling of pulmonary resistance arteries. This process is particularly triggered by the mast cell degranulation products, especially rodent-like interstitial collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 13). Sodium cromoglycate administration leads to an effective stabilization of the mast cell granules and thus to the modified remodeling process. During 4-day and 21-day hypoxia, we treated Wistar Han rats with sodium cromoglycate in case control study. We assessed pulmonary vascular remodeling morphology using conventional histological techniques and immunohistochemistry. Then we assessed counts of pulmonary mast cells, both total and MMP-13 positive ones, around pulmonary arteries. Hypoxia induced remodeling of all categories of pulmonary arteries. Sodium cromoglycate treatment in first four days of hypoxia modified and reduced these changes. Treatment in last four days of 21-days hypoxia experiment has only negligible effect. Hypoxia led to changes in collagen VI amount and distribution as well as decrease in number of toluidine blue detectable mast cell as well as MMP13 positive mast cells in the wall of pulmonary arteries. Hypoxia led to significant remodeling of all...
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Evaluation of cytostatic in vitreal space of rabbit eye after subconunstival and transcorneal administration
Pochop, Pavel ; Vajner, Luděk (advisor) ; Baráková, Drahomíra (referee) ; Gerinec, Anton (referee)
The aim of this study was to determine platinum (Pt) and etoposide concentrations and area under the concentration versus timecurve (AUC) of the vitreous humor after periocular or transcorneal intravitreal administration of carboplatin in rabbits and to characterize the extent of toxicity of local carboplatin administration. New Zealand White male rabbits were treated with: a single periocular injection of 15 mg of carboplatin (group I, n=6), a single periocular injection of 30 mg of carboplatin (group II, n=6), a single transcorneal intravitreal injection of 0.05 mg of carboplatin (group III, n=6) and then repeated injections of 0.05 mg (group IV, n=6) and 0.008 mg (group V, n=6). Periocular injections of 2.5 mg (group VI, n=6) and intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg (group VII, n=6) of etoposide were administered in the same way. Vitreous sampling under dissociative anaesthesia were performed at 1 h, 2 h, 6 h, in 1, 2 and 7 days and in 2 (groups I, III, VI and VII) or 3 (group II) weeks. Carboplatin and etoposide concentrations in vitreous and plasma samples were assessed. Clinical and histological evidence of toxicity was graded as four grades. Periocular administration fails to achieve therapeutic levels of chemotherapeutics in the vitreous of rabbits. We found therapeutic levels in the vitreous by...
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Morphological changes of cardiopulmonary vascular bed under experimental conditions
Novotný, Tomáš ; Vajner, Luděk (advisor) ; Mazurová, Yvona (referee) ; Tonar, Zbyněk (referee)
In rats, the environment with low content of oxygen induces the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension based also on remodeling of pulmonary resistance arteries. This process is particularly triggered by the mast cell degranulation products, especially rodent-like interstitial collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 13). Sodium cromoglycate administration leads to an effective stabilization of the mast cell granules and thus to the modified remodeling process. During 4-day and 21-day hypoxia, we treated Wistar Han rats with sodium cromoglycate in case control study. We assessed pulmonary vascular remodeling morphology using conventional histological techniques and immunohistochemistry. Then we assessed counts of pulmonary mast cells, both total and MMP-13 positive ones, around pulmonary arteries. Hypoxia induced remodeling of all categories of pulmonary arteries. Sodium cromoglycate treatment in first four days of hypoxia modified and reduced these changes. Treatment in last four days of 21-days hypoxia experiment has only negligible effect. Hypoxia led to changes in collagen VI amount and distribution as well as decrease in number of toluidine blue detectable mast cell as well as MMP13 positive mast cells in the wall of pulmonary arteries. Hypoxia led to significant remodeling of all...
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Influence of Stress Factors on Life Satisfaction
Oborná, Denisa ; Vajner, Luděk (advisor) ; Michálková, Lucie (referee)
ABSTRACT
This diploma thesis deals with whether and, if so, what influence the stress factors have on the life satisfaction of adults. It also focuses on what other aspects are important during the evaluation. The thesis is based on a qualitative research, in which the individuals have given authentic testimonies when evaluating their life satisfaction and conditions, which significantly affect the evaluation. Attention was paid to both negative and positive effects and strategies when coping with difficult situations, trying to find similarities and differences and evaluate substantial factors. The goal also is to show possibilities of achieving a higher level of satisfaction. The merit of the thesis is in honest and comprehensive testimonies of the individuals on this topic and in the possibility to think about one's own life attitude and about the level and limits for reaching life satisfaction in general. KEYWORDS
Life satisfaction, stress factors, adaptation, resistance, mental balance, mental well-being.
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Morphological and functional changes in the bronchial mucosa in young children with early bronchial asthma
Beránková, Katarína ; Pohunek, Petr (advisor) ; Vajner, Luděk (referee) ; Čáp, Petr (referee)
It is very difficult to diagnose bronchial asthma in early childhood. Starting of preventative anti-inflammatory treatment is often delayed due to the high prevalence of acute episodes of bronchial obstructions in very early age. The aims of this thesis were to demonstrate that in children who are at higher risk for developing asthma we can find some structural changes in the bronchial mucosa that might predict future bronchial remodelling with all its patophysiological and clinical consequences. Using light microscopy we analyzed 14 bioptic samples from bronchial mucosa stained with haematoxylin-eosin from children less than 4 years of age in risk for developing asthma and we compared them with the samples from the control group of 16 children. Using indirect immunohistochemistry we studied the expression of structural glycoproteins of the basement membrane and the presence of inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue. In cooperating children we also performed lung function testing in preschool age. In risk children we found initial remodelling changes concerning the basement membrane thickening due to increased deposition of laminin in the outer part of the basement membrane. This thickening was not in correlation with the presence of inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue. Also, we...
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Evaluation of cytostatic in vitreal space of rabbit eye after subconunstival and transcorneal administration
Pochop, Pavel ; Vajner, Luděk (advisor) ; Baráková, Drahomíra (referee) ; Gerinec, Anton (referee)
The aim of this study was to determine platinum (Pt) and etoposide concentrations and area under the concentration versus timecurve (AUC) of the vitreous humor after periocular or transcorneal intravitreal administration of carboplatin in rabbits and to characterize the extent of toxicity of local carboplatin administration. New Zealand White male rabbits were treated with: a single periocular injection of 15 mg of carboplatin (group I, n=6), a single periocular injection of 30 mg of carboplatin (group II, n=6), a single transcorneal intravitreal injection of 0.05 mg of carboplatin (group III, n=6) and then repeated injections of 0.05 mg (group IV, n=6) and 0.008 mg (group V, n=6). Periocular injections of 2.5 mg (group VI, n=6) and intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg (group VII, n=6) of etoposide were administered in the same way. Vitreous sampling under dissociative anaesthesia were performed at 1 h, 2 h, 6 h, in 1, 2 and 7 days and in 2 (groups I, III, VI and VII) or 3 (group II) weeks. Carboplatin and etoposide concentrations in vitreous and plasma samples were assessed. Clinical and histological evidence of toxicity was graded as four grades. Periocular administration fails to achieve therapeutic levels of chemotherapeutics in the vitreous of rabbits. We found therapeutic levels in the vitreous by...
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