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Comparative development of scales and surfaces of fishes
Uherková, Michaela ; Černý, Robert (advisor) ; Vaškaninová, Valéria (referee)
1 Abstract The body surfaces of cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) and bony fishes (Osteichthyes) are composed of scales, with individual scale types differing in their morphological description, stratification, morphogenetic development and representation in each group. In fossil species, we encounter hard bony shells or plates, which gradually change during evolution to flexible scales of the elasmoid type, these are found in contemporaneous representatives of the bony fish group (Teleostei). Recent scale types found on the surface of present-day fish-like vertebrates include modified cosmoid scales, ganoid scales, placoid scales and elasmoid scales. Odontodes, which include placoid scales, ganoid scales, vertebrate oral teeth and pharyngeal teeth, are a key component in the evolutionary development of all these body surfaces. Odontodes form the basic structural unit of all dermo-skeletal structures and, from an evolutionary point of view, have evolved into the scales and oral teeth of vertebrates. Because of the interesting correlation between teeth and scales, a separate chapter of the literature review will be devoted to theories of the origin of oral teeth. The present bachelor's thesis discusses the evolutionary development of scales of cartilaginous fishes and bony fishes with respect to the...
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The Art of North-Western Anatolia in the Achaemenid Persian Period and Its Relations with the Greek and Persian Art.
Vaškaninová, Valéria ; Bouzek, Jan (advisor) ; Pavúk, Peter (referee) ; Charvát, Petr (referee)
The aim of this study is to determine and define the Persian Achaemenid style produced in the North-Western satrapies (imperial provinces) of Anatolia (modern Turkey) in the period of the Persian dominion of the area, roughly 550 - 300 BCE. The North-Western Anatolian satrapies are the II. nomos of Herodotus - Sardes, and Hellespontine Phrygia (the III. nomos). The roots of the Achaemenid style emerge from the rich artistic traditions of the cultures in the area of modern Iran influenced by Mesopotamian sources as well as nomadic handicrafts. The expansion of the Empire towards the Aegean resulted in extensive contacts with the creative expression of the Anatolian kingdoms and especially the Greek sphere. A unique style of luxurious ware, designated for customers of the local elite and Persian immigrants, is created. The depiction of the Persian court iconography is modified according to the local art-school customs. The clearest representation of the Achaemenid style is observed in the metalware production. The forms and designs of golden and silver vessels are specific. Despite their wide geographic distribution, the majority of the workshops were supposedly located in the area of modern Turkey. The production of jewelry and gems was most likely concentrated in the same workshops. The creative...
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Vertebrates of the Lower Palaeozoic from the Barrandian area (Bohemian Massif) and their comparison with faunas of adjacent areas
Vaškaninová, Valéria ; Kraft, Petr (advisor) ; Přikryl, Tomáš (referee) ; Trinajstic, Kate (referee)
This thesis deals with early vertebrate fossil remains from the Lower Palaeozoic strata of the Barrandian area (Bohemian Massif). It is presented as a compilation of four papers that were published or submitted in scientific peer-reviewed journals with impact factor. All included papers are focused on the most abundant and diverse vertebrate fauna from the Barrandian area - the placoderms. Placodermi are early vertebrates characterized by articulated head and trunk shields composed of dermal bony plates. In the Barrandian area, they occur exclusively in the Devonian of the Prague Basin. The main objectives of the thesis are modern taxonomic revisions of the placoderm taxa from the Prague Basin as well as discussions about trends in their abundance, diversity, and distribution in space and time, taphonomy, and the evolutionary and phylogenetic implications of their morphology. Two characteristic placoderm associations were distinguished. In the Lochkovian and Pragian, members of the group Acanthothoraci dominate the placoderm record. Acanthothoracid placoderms are among the most basal jawed vertebrates and thus a detailed study of their morphology has a great potential to illuminate the relationships and evolutionary patterns among the stem jawed vertebrates. They are most abundant in the...
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The Art of North-Western Anatolia in the Achaemenid Persian Period and Its Relations with the Greek and Persian Art.
Vaškaninová, Valéria ; Bouzek, Jan (advisor) ; Pavúk, Peter (referee) ; Charvát, Petr (referee)
The aim of this study is to determine and define the Persian Achaemenid style produced in the North-Western satrapies (imperial provinces) of Anatolia (modern Turkey) in the period of the Persian dominion of the area, roughly 550 - 300 BCE. The North-Western Anatolian satrapies are the II. nomos of Herodotus - Sardes, and Hellespontine Phrygia (the III. nomos). The roots of the Achaemenid style emerge from the rich artistic traditions of the cultures in the area of modern Iran influenced by Mesopotamian sources as well as nomadic handicrafts. The expansion of the Empire towards the Aegean resulted in extensive contacts with the creative expression of the Anatolian kingdoms and especially the Greek sphere. A unique style of luxurious ware, designated for customers of the local elite and Persian immigrants, is created. The depiction of the Persian court iconography is modified according to the local art-school customs. The clearest representation of the Achaemenid style is observed in the metalware production. The forms and designs of golden and silver vessels are specific. Despite their wide geographic distribution, the majority of the workshops were supposedly located in the area of modern Turkey. The production of jewelry and gems was most likely concentrated in the same workshops. The creative...
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Placodermi of the Prague Basin (Lower Palaeozoic of the Barrandian area)
Kašpar Vaškaninová, Valéria ; Kraft, Petr (advisor) ; Zajíc, Jaroslav (referee)
Placoderms are restricted to the Devonian in the Prague Basin, occuring on localities dated from the Lochkovian to the Givetian. Černá rokle near Kosoř with the Radotin Limestone is the richest placoderm bearing locality. A revision of specimens from collections of the National Museum in Pra- gue confirms occurences of three species of two genera belonging to the pla- coderm order Acanthothoraci: Radotina kosorensis Gross, 1950; Radotina tesselata Gross, 1958 and Kosoraspis peckai Gross, 1959. Genus Holopeta- lichthys was accepted as valid and a diagnosis of H. primus (Barrande, 1872) was amended. Its assignment to higher taxonomic units remains uncertain. Four morphological types of undeterminable specimens classified in the order Arthrodira are defined. Some previously unpublished morphological structures are figured and described: the median dorsal plate of the thoracic armour of R. kosorensis and its relation to the head shield, the cranial cavities and trunk shield plates of R. tesselata, a well preserved neurocranium and scales of K. peckai, the trunk shield and vertebral column of H. primus and large dermal plates of each Arthrodiran morphotype. The placoderm diversity in the Prague Basin was lower compared to ne- ighbouring areas at the beginning of the Devonian (Lochkovian and Pra- gian). Only...
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