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Singularity and Plurality of the World. Martin Heidegger and Bruno Latour on the World-Nature relationship
González Warcalde, Tadeo ; Sehgal, Melanie (advisor) ; Trawny, Peter (referee)
The basic problem guiding this work is to what extent, in times of the New Climate Regime, the formation of the world in Martin Heidegger's Being and Time can be determined only by the understanding, signifying, and historical capacities of Dasein, and whether, consequently, it is possible to think a concept of the world within the framework of the existential analytic that forms itself beyond Dasein. This question places the relationship between the world and the Earth, as well as the materiality of the world itself, at the center of the discussion and invites a series of questions that are fundamental to thinking about both contemporary philosophy and the (eco)political problems of our society. By explicating this problem, we will first try to clarify the limits of the concept of world and existence in the framework of existential analytics, then we will deal with the concepts of matter and nature - largely neglected in this field - and finally we will reflect on the notion of co-inhabitability in relation to the concept of world. However, this question is posed starting from a theoretical position that stands outside of Heidegger's own philosophy, but which shares common elements with it to some extent, namely: Bruno Latour's postnaturalism. This philosophy, on the one hand, emphasizes the role of...
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The violence of law and the problem of justice in Benjamin and Derrida
Kenç, Serdar ; Klass, Tobias Nikolaus (advisor) ; Trawny, Peter (referee)
The aim of the present study is to reveal the problematic relation between violence, law and justice by the thought of Walter Benjamin and Jacques Derrida. Following the argument that violence is inherent to the law and power, we discuss the problematic situation of justice. In this context, while Benjamin finds the "possibility" of the justice beyond the sphere of the law and power, Derrida shows us how the justice is an experience of impossibility doing deconstruction of the law. We conclude that justice cannot be reduced to the violence and to the limits of the political-juridical system. Keywords : violence, law, justice, destruction, Walter Benjamin, déconstruction, Jacques Derrida, political theology.
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The Otherness of the Marxist Philosophy of History: An Attempt at Symbolic Conceptualization
Zagvozdkin, Nikita ; Trawny, Peter (advisor) ; Sepp, Hans Rainer (referee)
The Otherness of the Marxist Philosophy of History: An Attempt at Symbolic Conceptualization Abstract: The presented master's thesis makes an attempt to re-contextualize the Marxist philosophy of history in relation to its otherness (Anderssein) and thereby to shift the methodologically central accent away from the category of totality (worked out mainly in Lukács' "History and Class Consciousness"). This new perspective is to be centred on the phenomena that cannot be fully covered in a scientific or strictly materialist manner and that nevertheless belong to the conceptual framework of Marxism. For this purpose, the other (das Andere) is defined as the symbolic (das Symbolische), which is further examined in the first part of the thesis with reference to Kant's "Critique of Judgment" and on the basis of several descriptions - discursive and phenomenological alike. The symbolic is then outlined as a special type of figurative that overcomes the figurative itself and thus constitutes a transcending operation. In the second part of the paper, this definition is applied to the Marxist philosophy of history with the aim to explicate its symbolic figures and to show their conceptual tensions. In accordance with the established meaning of the term, three symbols are consecutively considered and analysed: The...
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Intermittent Time: the Problem of Identity in E. Husserl and M. Proust
Gonashvili, Gigla ; Schnell, Alexander (advisor) ; Trawny, Peter (referee)
This papers deals with the problem of identity (Identitätsproblem) in the works of E. Husserl and M. Proust. By identity is meant the possibility to coincide with oneself while remembering one's past experience(s); but when the connection between the present act of remembering/thinking and a past event can no longer be established or justified, then arises the problem of identity. Within the framework of our research we're trying to show that these two - above-mentioned - authors struggled with this problem and as a result delivered the reflections that are to a certain extent complementary and contribute to the solution of this problem. Keywords: Identity, coinciding, remembering, empathy, fictional variations, sleep, dream, style, involuntary memories, the intermittent time, intersubjectivity, epoché, essences.
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The violence of law and the problem of justice in Benjamin and Derrida
Kenç, Serdar ; Klass, Tobias Nikolaus (advisor) ; Trawny, Peter (referee)
The aim of the present study is to reveal the problematic relation between violence, law and justice by the thought of Walter Benjamin and Jacques Derrida. Following the argument that violence is inherent to the law and power, we discuss the problematic situation of justice. In this context, while Benjamin finds the "possibility" of the justice beyond the sphere of the law and power, Derrida shows us how the justice is an experience of impossibility doing deconstruction of the law. We conclude that justice cannot be reduced to the violence and to the limits of the political-juridical system. Keywords : violence, law, justice, destruction, Walter Benjamin, déconstruction, Jacques Derrida, political theology.
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