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Military coup as a distinctive feature of Turkish military, the changing civil-military relations, and the current position of the Turkish army
Tkadlečková, Daniela ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Záhora, Jakub (referee)
The July military coup attempt in 2016 forced the Turkish nation to decide, whether it would follow examples of Republic's past and support the coup, or whether it would turn away from the army, thus giving up on the traditional perception of the army as a guardian of secularism and values on which Atatürk built the Republic. This work analyses how the Turkish civil-military relations changed, what factors influenced this change and how the Turkish society currently perceives the army. The research focused on four interventions staged by the army in the 20th century, as well as on the July coup attempt. Military coup is understood as a specific feature of the Turkish army and it is examined based on the theory of praetorianism; the coups in Turkey are then being presented as interventions, that were repeated not only based on army's determination to protect stability and the Republic as such, but also based on the nation's acceptance of the interventions which did perceive the army as a last resort. Furthermore, the work presents reasons, which played a crucial role in the transformation of civil-military relations in the beginning of 21st century, and it compares, how the perception of army by the Turkish nation was changing before and after the July coup attempt.
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Military coup as a distinctive feature of Turkish military, the changing civil-military relations, and the current position of the Turkish army
Tkadlečková, Daniela ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Záhora, Jakub (referee)
The July military coup attempt in 2016 forced the Turkish nation to decide, whether it would follow examples of Republic's past and support the coup, or whether it would turn away from the army, thus giving up on the traditional perception of the army as a guardian of secularism and values on which Atatürk built the Republic. This work analyses how the Turkish civil-military relations changed, what factors influenced this change and how the Turkish society currently perceives the army. The research focused on four interventions staged by the army in the 20th century, as well as on the July coup attempt. Military coup is understood as a specific feature of the Turkish army and it is examined based on the theory of praetorianism; the coups in Turkey are then being presented as interventions, that were repeated not only based on army's determination to protect stability and the Republic as such, but also based on the nation's acceptance of the interventions which did perceive the army as a last resort. Furthermore, the work presents reasons, which played a crucial role in the transformation of civil-military relations in the beginning of 21st century, and it compares, how the perception of army by the Turkish nation was changing before and after the July coup attempt.
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Selected normative principles governing the working environment of journalist in the republic of turkey, focusing on article 301 of turkish code
Tkadlečková, Daniela ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Hájek, Roman (referee)
The right to freedom of expression is one of the essential rights of every democratic society. If Turkish republic becomes part of the European Union, which stands for a symbol of observance of the human rights and freedoms, it will have to prove in line with the accession talks its ability to transform the unkind working environment of the Turkish journalists to an environment, which would actually correspond with the European standards. The analysis of the article 301 factors only a fraction in the large field of Turkish journalism. However, this study is concerned with the general development of the existence of the article 301, which prohibits public denigration of the Turkish nation, the Republic or the state and security organizations. There are particular amendments of this article observed, also partial court cases of the accused journalists as well as the impact of the article 301 on the perception and behavior of the Turkish nationalists who attack the journalists prosecuted under the article 301, all this in the name of protection of the Republic. This study also points out how the article 301 is being treated and understood by the European institutions for the human rights, or by the European Union alone. Through the article 301 the different nature of the Turkish republic is...
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