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Magnetic orientation in mammals
Tejmlová, Kristýna ; Němec, Pavel (advisor) ; Vácha, Martin (referee)
Earth's magnetic field can provide animal with both directional and positional information. The ability to perceive and utilize information extracted from the geomagnetic field is called magnetoreception. Magnetoreception mechanisms remain largely unknown. Three main hypotheses are currently supported by experimental evidence. The light-independent mechanisms are based either on electromagnetic induction or on biogenic magnetite. The light-dependent mechanism is based on specific chemical reaction between radical pairs. Perception of the geomagnetic field facilitates both long- and short-distance orientation of animals. Some animals exhibit the magnetic alignment, i.e., spontaneuos preference for a certain geomagnetic direction. Another manifestation of magnetoreception is magnetic compass (polarity- or inclination-based, depending on species), which enable an animal to determine the azimuth, i.e., the angle between the direction of motion and geomagnetic field vector. Magnetic map sense enable an animal to determine its position and direction to the goal destination, most likely utilizing the inclination and the intensity of the geomagnetic field as navigational cues. Magnetic orientation of mammals seems to be a widespread phenomenon. Light- independend, polarity compass has been reported in...
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Microscopic Fungi in Practical Exercises at Lower Secondary School
Tejmlová, Kristýna ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Skýbová, Jana (referee)
Microscopic fungi (micromycetes) is a topic that is at lower secondary schools neglected and mentioned only marginally. Fungi are of great importance for humans in their everyday life, whether negative or positive. It is the reason to rethink how and when to inform pupils about them. The aim of my thesis is to create my own practical exercises that acquaint the pupils of lower secondary schools with the appearance, properties, occurrence, uses, cultivation methods, and last, but not least with the safety of micromycets. In the practical exercises are used basic methods of work with micromycets such as inoculation of the population from the natural environment to a sterile culture medium, the sedimentation method or the method of spreading a dilute suspension of the stick on the agar medium. The revaccination is used to eliminate secondary structures. Then we deal with the possibility of preparing culture media. Isolated cultures of microscopic fungi are identified by macroscopic characters. Due to the safety with micromycets, I recommend to teach microscopic characteristics in high school. The presented practical exercises were verified at the lower secondary school in Vinařice by pupils of the 6th class. The practical exercises proved to be suitable for pupils in lower secondary school. Securing...
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Magnetic orientation in mammals
Tejmlová, Kristýna ; Němec, Pavel (advisor) ; Vácha, Martin (referee)
Earth's magnetic field can provide animal with both directional and positional information. The ability to perceive and utilize information extracted from the geomagnetic field is called magnetoreception. Magnetoreception mechanisms remain largely unknown. Three main hypotheses are currently supported by experimental evidence. The light-independent mechanisms are based either on electromagnetic induction or on biogenic magnetite. The light-dependent mechanism is based on specific chemical reaction between radical pairs. Perception of the geomagnetic field facilitates both long- and short-distance orientation of animals. Some animals exhibit the magnetic alignment, i.e., spontaneuos preference for a certain geomagnetic direction. Another manifestation of magnetoreception is magnetic compass (polarity- or inclination-based, depending on species), which enable an animal to determine the azimuth, i.e., the angle between the direction of motion and geomagnetic field vector. Magnetic map sense enable an animal to determine its position and direction to the goal destination, most likely utilizing the inclination and the intensity of the geomagnetic field as navigational cues. Magnetic orientation of mammals seems to be a widespread phenomenon. Light- independend, polarity compass has been reported in...
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