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Analysis of the localization of the impact impulse and its course during a collision between a dummy and a tram
Vrabčeková, Kristýna ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
Title: Analysis of the localization of the impact impulse and its course during a collision between a dummy and a tram Objectives: To create a mehodical thesis dealing with the analysis of the impact impulse during a collision between Jasti Hybrid III dummy and different types of trams (T3, KT8D5, 14T and 15T), based on data of the acceleration of individual segmments during a side collision at speed of 15 km/h. Methods: The thesis presents a method of working with acceleration data of individual body segments of a dummy during a collision with tram, in order to interpret the course of the impact impulse. Data are interpreted using newly introduced PIIC (Parametr Implementing Injury Criterion), which was calculated using the Microsowt software program and graphically interpreted using the Origin 2023 program. Results: The method of analysis of the impact impulse during the collision between a dummy and a tram based on the PIIC (and also PIICkum) seems to be a useful tool for interpreting the course of this impulse. When comparing the PIC results, an obvious connection was found with the analysis of video recordings of individual experimental measurements. Keywords: tram-pedestrian collision, analysis of primary impact, injury criteria, pedestrian safety
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Selected methods of biomechanical analysis of human movement in the aquatic environment
Vrabčeková, Kristýna ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
Title: Selected methods of biomechanical analysis of human movement in the aquatic environment Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to study the issue of biomechanical analysis and to acquaint the reader with selected methods of kinematic analysis of human movement in the aquatic environment. Methods: The bachelor's thesis is based on available scientic literature and is written by the method of literary research. The majority of provided information is from avaible foreign sources and has been searched by online databases. The stated articles and books have been selected with regard to the correspondence with the theme and focus of a chapter. Results: The thesis introduces the issue of biomechanical analysis of human movement and presents four selected methods of analysis of human movement in aquatic environment and their applications. These are: markerless 2D cinematographic analysis, marker based 3D cinematographic analysis, markerless 3D cinematographic analysis and kinematic analysis using inertial magnetic sensors. The thesis captures characteristics of the selected methods considering the specific conditions of the aquatic environment. Keywords: biomechanics, biomechanical analysis of human movement, underwater motion capture, kinematic analysis underwater,
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Automotive neck injury indicators in relation to dummy - tram interaction
Ország, Artur ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
Title: Automotive neck injury indicators in relation to dummy-tram interaction Objectives The aim of the work is to evaluate the performer crash tests between the dummy and the vehicle in terms of the thread of the health of the neck and to determine which type of tram creates the smallest risk of health of the neck (cervical spine) at the specified speeds. Methods: This diploma thesis is conducted in form of a pilot study. The first part of the work contains theoretical starting points regarding the discussed topic. The second part analyzes the results of the crash tests and answers the research questions and examines the given hypotheses. Results: The most dangerous, concerning the structure of the neck, were collisions in the highest speed - 20 km/h. The highest values and highest probability of injuries with AIS 2+ and 3+ value were measured in this speed. The type of tram that was most dangerous for the structure of the next were T3 and KT8 and the least dangerous was 15T. Keywords: Tram, tram transport, neck, neck injury, crash tests, injury criteria, neck structure
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Mechanics and consequences of impact head load
Plešková, Kristína ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
Title: Mechanics and consequences of the head load impact. Objectives: The objective of the main part of the diploma thesis is the analysis of the data obtained during crash-test experiments, using a tram and a Hybrid III test dummy. The aim of the analysis is to describe the effect of mechanical load on the human head during collisions at different tram velocities, the position of the dummy and the types of front bodies of tram sets. Method: The work has the character of experimental research based on the results of a crash test and confirmation or refutation of hypotheses. Four types of tram sets used in Prague (T3, KT8D5, T14, T15) and a Hybrid III crash test dummy were used for the research. Based on the selected criteria, a contact impact of the tram into the dummy was performed and individual components of the acceleration vector were recorded. Obtained data were processed in Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and magnitude of the acceleration vector was calculated Head impact criterion (HIC) and Abbreviated injury scale (AIS) were used for assessment of the impact and porbability of severe head injury. The experiment took place on the tram track in the central workshops of DPP, in cooperation with UK FTVS, VUKV a.s., ŠKODA Transportation, Advance Engeneering and. No need for the approval of the...
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The relationship between Véle-test results and results of instrumented evaluation of postural stability
Dvořáčková, Terezie ; Šorfová, Monika (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
Title: The relationship between Véle-test results and results of instrumented evaluation of postural stability Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between a clinical tool for measuring postural stability, Véle-test and instrumented evalution of the same modality. The observed parameters are COM movement, range of motion in hip joints and in the functional complex of ankle and foot. An additional pedobarographic measurement was performed to define the relationship between Véle-test results and foot loading assymetry. The characteristics of this study suggest that our objective is also to find an approppriate aproach to further objectivization and stardardization of the Véle-test. In the first part of this thesis, I define the theoretical background for the experiment. Also, the current insight of physical therapy and biomechanics on the functional complex of the ankle and foot is described. Methods: The subjects (n=15, mean age 24y) were divided into two groups (S1, n1=7; S2, n2=8) according to the results of Véle test. Further, they underwent instrumented testing by pliance-x® sensing system, a 60s pedobarographic measurement was held in quiet standing. After, the Xsens MVN Link suit for 3D kinematic analysis was applied and the subjects were measured in two different...
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Biomechanical gait analysis in cerbral palsy
Málek, Michal ; Tlapáková, Eva (advisor) ; Malá, Michaela (referee)
Title: Biomechanical gait analysis in cerbral palsy Objectives: The main aim of this work is to compare pressure values on feet of young man with cerebral palsy during for him normal gait, gait with French crutches in narrow (modified) and wide (natural) holding and with crutch held only at left hand. Methods: One 23-years-old proband with sapstic triparetic cerebral palsy was participated in a qualitative research (case studies). Young man was examined using the Pedar - X pressure measuring system. The proband was subjected to measurements with pressure insoles placed in his shoes. Natural gait measurement, narrow (modified) and wide (natural) crutches grip and crutche on left side all measurements with five repetitions were performed, each with four step cycle. Evaluated were the pressure distribution and the magnitude of the vertical force component. Results: Proband's gait showed considerable asymetry in the step cycle. The pressure distribution on the feet was more uneven during walking with the crutches narrow held against the natural gait. However, the greatest asymmetry and congestion of the left leg was created when walking with crutches with wide (natural) grip. During measurement with the crutch on the left, there were no significant decreases or increases in values. The vertical...
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Kinematic and kinetic analysis of artistic gymnastic jumps
Benetková, Hana ; Panská, Šárka (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
Title: Kinematic and kinetic analysis of artistic gymnastic jumps Objectives: The aim of my master thesis is execution of kinematic - kinetic analysis of jumps in artistic gymnastics, processing data, counting force moment, which does the rotation around ventrodorsal axis, means abduction and adduction motion and recount normalized moment (moment share by body weight). Methods: The kinematic - kinetic analysis of jumps in artistic gymnastics was done by using systems Qualysis Motion Capture System and Kistler. Results: We have been researching four different gymnastic jumps in this study. Four healthy individuals underwent the measurement. They have done each jump in free valid times. There was measured abduction moment of knee joint in each jump. Adduction moments were present only in 32 % cases and lot of them hasn't significant value. There was measured abduction moment in bounces in each jump, value of standardized adduction moment wasn't signifiant. There was measured just abduction moments in dismounts of non-rotational jumps. In dismounts of rotational jumps (around longitudinal axes) was measured abduction and also adduction moment. Values of normalized abduction moments were between 0,3 - 11 m2 .s-2 . Values of normalized adduction moments were between 0 - 10 m2 .s-2 . Highest values of...
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Knee osteoarthritis: a biological response to medication class SYSADOA
Kurková, Eva ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
Author: Bc. Eva Kurková Title: Knee osteoarthritis: a biological response to medication class SYSADOA Problem definition: Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease which belongs to the most common musculoskeletal diseases. The disease is associated with pain of the knee joints, which causes patients' limitations in activities of daily living. Therefore, the objective of the treatment of osteoarthritis is to reduce the pain and a progression of the disease. To achieve these aims, conservative or surgical methods are used. The conservative methods include, among others, the pharmacological treatment. Since the medicaments from the class SYSADOA are easily available we can use them during treatment. Aim of the thesis: The aim of the thesis is to determine the effect of SYSADOA medication on the 2nd and 3rd degree of the knee osteoarthritis. The effect is determined by patients' subjective evaluations and by the changes of the rheological properties of the knee joint. Method: The survey contains an anamnesis questionnaire and the clinical examination of the knee joint. The rheological properties of the knee joint are evaluated by a special device - knee rheometer that non-invasively and painlessly measures the dependence of the passive resistance of the knee joint on its bending angle. To...
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2D Photographic Analysis for Evaluation of Women Posture in Late Stages of Pregnancy
Císařová, Jitka ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
Title of the thesis: 2-D photographic analysis for evaluation of women posture in late stages ofpregnancy Aims: Based on literature search to characterize biomechanical changes in up-right posture of pregnant women. To propose a process of evaluation and segmentation of side-view photographic pictures of pregnant women. To evaluate prevalence and intensity of back pain among the group of selected pregnant women. Methods: The 2-D analysis of photographic pictures was used as the main method in the AutoCad® software, by which the body segmentation was carried out. Position of the center of gravity projection to the ground plane was found by the Kistler® device (Multicomponent force plate with glass top plate). Evaluation of back pain was realized by a questionnaire search. Results: Our analysis showed that the center of gravity projection to the ground plane does not change during pregnancy. The mechanism by which pregnant women balance the increased mass in the bottom part of the trunk consists in a backward shift of the upper trunk segment and in increased buttocks mass. The prevalence of back pain found among the group ofselected pregnant women was 92,3%. Key words: Back Pain; Center ofGravity; Posture; Pregnancy
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Ventral Translation of the Tibia within the Knee Joint: Quanitative Analysis in 3D and the Rollimeter Device
Vaňous, František ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
Damage to the knee joint represents in terms of both incidence and severity of the consequences in terms of the ever-increasing problem in the most productive age population (1). Development and application of modern technologies, especially three-dimensional kinematics, provides comprehensive insight into the pathogenesis of disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Title: Ventral Translation of the Tibia within the Knee Joint: Quanitative Analysis in 3D and the Rollimeter Device The aim of the thesis deals with the quantification of selected kinematic characteristics of the knee. Kinematic analysis will undergo anterior tibial displacement in tibiofemorálním joint. This small movement has a small range, but is an essential prerequisite for movement in the joint (2.27). The solution will be used photoelectric system Qualisys Motion Capture Systems (QMCS), a new device Rollimetr. Experimental data obtained from both methodological procedures will be handled by software, then compared and aligned with current kinematic and clinical knowledge. Keywords: kinematics, 3D analysis, knee joint, ventral displacement Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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