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Robot path planning by means of dynamic programming
Stárek, Ivo ; Krček, Petr (referee) ; Dvořák, Jiří (advisor)
This work is dedicated to robot path planning with using principles of dynamic programing in discrete state space. Theoretical part is dedicated to actual situation in this field and to principle of applying Markov decission process to path planning. Practical part is dedicated to implementation of two algorithms based on MDP principles.
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New methods of classification and prognosis in paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas
Guha, Anasuya ; Chovanec, Martin (advisor) ; Stárek, Ivo (referee) ; Bouček, Jan (referee)
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are rare, mostly benign neuroendocrine tumors. Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are extra-adrenal counterparts of pheochromocytomas, representing 3% of all head and neck tumors. These can occur as sporadic tumors or as part of a hereditary syndromes. Studies reporting HNPGLs in Czech Republic have been limited. We conducted a systematic review to ascertain gene mutations that are directly linked to HNPGLs. We also studied the phenotypic-genotypic profiles as well as treatment outcomes of HNPGLs. Genetic analysis was performed in Czech Republic and in collaboration with Bethesda, USA. Our review showed that ten genes contribute to the development of HNPGLs when mutated. Familial forms of the disease are most commonly associated with the SDHD gene. SDHB mutations are predisposed to malignant tumors. We assessed 30 patients (11 males; 19 females) of 34-80 years of age at our clinic between 2016 and 2021. Amongst all patients, 24 had solitary tumors and 6 showed multiple tumors. Jugular paragangliomas were the most frequently diagnosed HNPGL. Only 11.5% of all examined patients were positive for SDHD germline mutation; 50% of our younger patients with bilateral carotid body tumors had the SDHD mutation. Four patients with negative family history were diagnosed...
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Immunohistochemical and Molecular Genetic Methods in the Head and Neck Pathology
Baněčková, Martina ; Skálová, Alena (advisor) ; Stárek, Ivo (referee) ; Laco, Jan (referee)
Current doctoral thesis is dealing with morphology, immunohistochemistry, molecular genetics and biological behavior of head and neck tumors with a particular emphasis on salivary gland and sinonasal lesions. Dr. Martina Baneckova has focused on this topic during her postgraduate studies at Charles University, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, in the years 2017 - 2020. In her publication activity, the author focused on rare tumors of the head and neck. A total of 9 publications were published over a span of three years are presented in a form of a commentary. Four of them are first-author papers and these are introduced briefly below. The first study entitled "Mammary analog secretory carcinoma of the nasal cavity: Characterization of 2 cases and their distinction from other low-grade sinonasal adenocarcinomas" deals with the relationship of newly described entities, secretory carcinoma (SC) of the nasal cavity and ETV6-rearranged low-grade sinonasal adenocarcinoma (LG SNAC). It is important to distinguish these 2 entities because of different clinical behaviors. Low-grade non-ITAC, including ETV6-rearranged LG SNAC mostly behave in an indolent manner, whereas SC is a malignancy with metastatic potential. It is important to be aware of the possible occurrence of SC in the sinonasal region, as in this area...
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Clinical-pathological correlations of immunohistochemical and molecular classification of salivary duct carcinoma.
Andrle, Pavel ; Skálová, Alena (advisor) ; Stárek, Ivo (referee) ; Slouka, David (referee)
Thesis is focused on correlation of immunohistochemical, molecular genetic and clinical features of salivary duct carcinomas. Clinicopathological and follow-up information of 29 patients originally diagnosed as SDC who were treated at Faculty Hospital in Plzen from 1987 to 2018, were collected. Clinical findings: The patient group comprised 22 males and 4 females, aged between 24-95 years with a mean age at diagnosis of 66 years and median of 64 years. at stage IV . 54 % patients were diagnosed at cervical metastasis and 58 % had tumor T3 or T4. Five-year survival rate was 33%. Immunohistochemical and molecular findings: After analysis of immunohistochemical results, the SDC cases were classified according to revised classification into five subtypes (Apocrine A (AR+/HER2-/MIB1-low); Apocrine B (AR+/HER2-/MIB1-high); Apocrine HER2 (AR+/HER2+); HER2-enriched (AR-/HER2+); and double negative (AR-/HER2-). Apocrine HER2 and HER2 enriched subtypes were significantly associated with lower OS (p < 0.05). NGS analysis revealed one case harboring an ETV6-NTRK3 fusion, therefore it was reclassified as a high-grade secretory carcinoma. Five likely pathogenic mutations were detected in 5 SDC cases (HRAS: c.182A>G p.Gln61Arg, 2x HRAS: c.37G>C p.Gly13Arg, AKT1: c.49G>A p.Glu17Lys, PTEN c.1003C>T p.Arg335Ter)....
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Robot path planning by means of dynamic programming
Stárek, Ivo ; Krček, Petr (referee) ; Dvořák, Jiří (advisor)
This work is dedicated to robot path planning with using principles of dynamic programing in discrete state space. Theoretical part is dedicated to actual situation in this field and to principle of applying Markov decission process to path planning. Practical part is dedicated to implementation of two algorithms based on MDP principles.
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