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Project for utilizing Mobile Technology
Makovský, Marek ; Smílek, Pavel (referee) ; Kříž, Jiří (advisor)
In my present work first I introduce the readers to the development of the standard of the prezent wireless mobile network and consequent possible development together with introducing certain recommendations. In the first, theoretical part, are described commercial wirelees systems used by most mobile operators in Europe. The following part deals with the analyses of the present situation and summarizes existing ceses of using mobile technologies. The last part deals with concrete projects recommanding utilizing mobile networks and summarising the problemes of data communication between the controlling part and transmitting terminal on the other end. In the conclusion you will find the recommandation.
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Detection and genotypisation of Helicobacter pylori strains in Waldeyers lymphatic tissue and its relationship to the formation of pathologies in this area
Nártová, Eva ; Astl, Jaromír (advisor) ; Smilek, Pavel (referee) ; Slípka, Jaroslav (referee)
The aim ofthis study was to reveal the presence ofHelicobacter pylori (HP) in the Waldeyers lymphatic tissue in the group ofchildren and adults, along with its possible role in the etiology of tonsillar carcinoma and benign diseases (chronic tonsillitis, OSAS, adenoids). In our study we have confirmed the hypothesis that HP is presented m the Waldeyers lymphatic tissue. as well as in the stomach and that the oropharynx and epipharynx are the an extragastric reservoir ofHP. Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue in the stomach is similar to lymphatic tissue ofWaldeyer ring. These conditions can be very favourable for the survival ofHP and thus can promote inflammation changes and immune changes as well as in the stomach. ln our study, using the real-time PCR method we have detected high incidence ofHP DNA in adenoids and tonsillar tissue. ln the group ofbenign diseases, the most frequent genotypes were CagA VacAsIbm1 and CagA-VacAslbm2. In the group of patients with tonsillar carcinoma, the most frequent genotype was CagA-VacAslbml. Genotyping identified strains ofHP showed differences in comparison with the predominant strains which are most frequently found in the stomach. Genotypic analysis ofI-IP strains showed that the less prevalent virulent strains ofHP, known as cagA negative and vacA positive....
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Effect of Surgical Therapy of Sleep Apnea Syndrom in Patient Treated by Noninvasive Ventilation
Kalhous, Jiří ; Čelakovský, Petr (advisor) ; Klozar, Jan (referee) ; Smilek, Pavel (referee)
Effect of Surgical Therapy of Sleep Apnea Syndrom in Patient Treated by Noninvasive Ventilation MUDr. Jiří Kalhous The method of choice in patients with sleep apnea syndrome is Positive Airway Pressure (PAP - CPAP / BPAP), surgical intervention is usually a last resort. Some patients with PAP, who are treated suboptimally, may also benefit from concomitant surgery. Material and methods: The study included 25 patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (age 17-72, baseline AHI 31-120, av. 66, baseline pressure on PAP 8-20 mbar) who were indicated for PAP therapy and whose treatment for various reasons was suboptimal. All patients underwent oropharyngeal surgery (tonsillectomy, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, radiofreqsuency-assisted uvuloplasty, or a combination thereof). Two months after the operation, a controlled limited polygraphy and off-line retitration of the ventilation device were performed. Monitored parameters: 1. subjective difficulties, preventing further use of PAP treatment. 2. AHI, ODI, T90 before and after surgery. 3. The level of pressure on the PAP device before and after surgery. Results: 1. None of the patients in our group had problems preventing further use of the ventilation device. 2. In our group of study there was a statistically significant reduction AHI after surgery...
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Immunological aspects of head and neck cancer in relation to etiology
Koucký, Vladimír ; Bouček, Jan (advisor) ; Říhová, Blanka (referee) ; Smilek, Pavel (referee)
Tumor immunology is a progressively developing, multidisciplinary branch of biology. Results of basic research have already been successfully translated to clinical practice. The immediate success of new immunotherapeutic drugs, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, has further supported the expansion of basic and clinical research in this field. In the case of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), some immune system elements, such as CD8+ T cells, were shown to play an important role in the progression of the disease. Importantly, HNSCC is a diverse group of diseases, and a significant number of the tumors are induced by high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV-associated tumors (HPV+ ) respond better to standard therapy, and the immune system was shown to be one of the crucial factors in this phenomenon. We focused on the analysis of phenotype, function, and prognostic value in tumor-infiltrating immune cells in HNSCC patients regarding the HPV status of the tumor. We were able to detect CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells reacting to HPV16 antigens in the majority of HPV+ oropharyngeal cancers. Moreover, activity of these T cells was enhanced after blockade of both PD-1 and TIM-3 immune-checkpoint pathways, supporting a concept of combined immunotherapy. In our...
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Use of autologous material in Middle Ear Surgery
Školoudík, Lukáš ; Vokurka, Jan (advisor) ; Smilek, Pavel (referee) ; Skřivan, Jiří (referee)
Use of Autologous Material in Middle Ear Surgery The use of autologous material in kofosurgery has been preferred to that of homologous or aloplastic materials in most situations. However, the use of autologous material in patients with cholesteatoma has been limited by the risk of harbouring residual disease. In the clinical part of the study we investigated the relationship between residual cholesteatoma and the method of reconstruction of the middle ear ossicles. Regarding the histological findings, two methods of middle ear ossicle treatment were suggested. The first method tested was mechanical clearance of the ossicles by stripping and burring their surfaces under microscopic view. The mechanical treatment was successful in all cases of mildly eroded ossicles. In cases of severely eroded ossicles, this method was unsuccessful. The second method tested was autoclaving of the ossicle for four minutes at 134 řC after mechanical cleaning. The combination of mechanical and thermal treatment eliminated the cholesteatoma entirely in all cases, including those with severely eroded ossicles. In the experimental part of the study we investigated the reaction of the middle ear mucosa after autoclaving the ossicles and also observed any changes to the ossicles over time since implantation. In an animal experiment...
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Genetical analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Čapková, Markéta ; Plzák, Jan (advisor) ; Smilek, Pavel (referee) ; Čelakovský, Petr (referee)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. They are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite considerable advances in surgical and oncological treatment over the past two decades, overall treatment outcome has only slightly improved. In my thesis I focused on serum gene expression analysis of head and neck cancer patients, which followed the tissue gene expression analysis in same patients. Further we investigated gene expression analysis in tumour stroma, which is now considered as significant factor in cancer initiation and progression. We revealed several candidate genes, which are involved in signalling pathways connected with cell differentiation and proliferation and are involved in apoptotic pathway (BCl-2, BCl-XL a MAX). As well we detected down-regulation of the main tumour suppressor p 53 protein. In peritumoural tissue we detected overexpression of cytokines typical for embryonal development and ectoderm differentiation - IGF-2 and BMP-4, which significantly influence the phenotype of normal keratinocytes. Further we identified several candidate genes relating with overexpression of Gal-1 in stromal myofibroblasts rich tissue (SPIN1, FUSIP1, TRIM23, SLC25A40, PTPLAD1, MP3K2). HNSCC is a heterogeneous disease despite the presence of...
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Detection and genotypisation of Helicobacter pylori strains in Waldeyers lymphatic tissue and its relationship to the formation of pathologies in this area
Nártová, Eva ; Astl, Jaromír (advisor) ; Smilek, Pavel (referee) ; Slípka, Jaroslav (referee)
The aim ofthis study was to reveal the presence ofHelicobacter pylori (HP) in the Waldeyers lymphatic tissue in the group ofchildren and adults, along with its possible role in the etiology of tonsillar carcinoma and benign diseases (chronic tonsillitis, OSAS, adenoids). In our study we have confirmed the hypothesis that HP is presented m the Waldeyers lymphatic tissue. as well as in the stomach and that the oropharynx and epipharynx are the an extragastric reservoir ofHP. Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue in the stomach is similar to lymphatic tissue ofWaldeyer ring. These conditions can be very favourable for the survival ofHP and thus can promote inflammation changes and immune changes as well as in the stomach. ln our study, using the real-time PCR method we have detected high incidence ofHP DNA in adenoids and tonsillar tissue. ln the group ofbenign diseases, the most frequent genotypes were CagA VacAsIbm1 and CagA-VacAslbm2. In the group of patients with tonsillar carcinoma, the most frequent genotype was CagA-VacAslbml. Genotyping identified strains ofHP showed differences in comparison with the predominant strains which are most frequently found in the stomach. Genotypic analysis ofI-IP strains showed that the less prevalent virulent strains ofHP, known as cagA negative and vacA positive....
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Early cancerogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Kastner, Jan ; Betka, Jan (advisor) ; Salzman, Richard (referee) ; Smilek, Pavel (referee)
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumour of head and neck. Prognostic and predictive information as an individual imprint of molecular-genetic analysis of HNSCC will help to determine the best indivicual treatment. And in case of surgical appraoch the optimal resection with adequate quality of life and long-term survival. Study of early cancerogenesis in our project is based on knowledge, that histological normal mucosa next to tumor shows preneoplastic molecular alterations. Molecular genetic changes in a histological normal mucosa harbouring a tumor may play a principal role in revealing of early cancerogenesis process. Molecular-genetic analysis of cancerogenesis in HNSCC reveals prognostic and predictive factors, which are necessary for evaluation and decission for the best individual treatment. This is the concept of tailored medicine The text summarizes current knowledge of early cancerogenesis in HNSCC and presents molecular-biological trends, which are necessary to discover details of early cancerogenesis and thus to get a tool for better detection as well as treatment of malignant disease. The study is based on fragment analysis of microsatelites lesions in tumor tissue in comparison to adjacent mucosa and the healthy mucosa. Results show significant molecular-biological...
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Use of autologous material in Middle Ear Surgery
Školoudík, Lukáš ; Vokurka, Jan (advisor) ; Smilek, Pavel (referee) ; Skřivan, Jiří (referee)
Use of Autologous Material in Middle Ear Surgery The use of autologous material in kofosurgery has been preferred to that of homologous or aloplastic materials in most situations. However, the use of autologous material in patients with cholesteatoma has been limited by the risk of harbouring residual disease. In the clinical part of the study we investigated the relationship between residual cholesteatoma and the method of reconstruction of the middle ear ossicles. Regarding the histological findings, two methods of middle ear ossicle treatment were suggested. The first method tested was mechanical clearance of the ossicles by stripping and burring their surfaces under microscopic view. The mechanical treatment was successful in all cases of mildly eroded ossicles. In cases of severely eroded ossicles, this method was unsuccessful. The second method tested was autoclaving of the ossicle for four minutes at 134 řC after mechanical cleaning. The combination of mechanical and thermal treatment eliminated the cholesteatoma entirely in all cases, including those with severely eroded ossicles. In the experimental part of the study we investigated the reaction of the middle ear mucosa after autoclaving the ossicles and also observed any changes to the ossicles over time since implantation. In an animal experiment...
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Genetical analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Čapková, Markéta ; Plzák, Jan (advisor) ; Smilek, Pavel (referee) ; Čelakovský, Petr (referee)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. They are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite considerable advances in surgical and oncological treatment over the past two decades, overall treatment outcome has only slightly improved. In my thesis I focused on serum gene expression analysis of head and neck cancer patients, which followed the tissue gene expression analysis in same patients. Further we investigated gene expression analysis in tumour stroma, which is now considered as significant factor in cancer initiation and progression. We revealed several candidate genes, which are involved in signalling pathways connected with cell differentiation and proliferation and are involved in apoptotic pathway (BCl-2, BCl-XL a MAX). As well we detected down-regulation of the main tumour suppressor p 53 protein. In peritumoural tissue we detected overexpression of cytokines typical for embryonal development and ectoderm differentiation - IGF-2 and BMP-4, which significantly influence the phenotype of normal keratinocytes. Further we identified several candidate genes relating with overexpression of Gal-1 in stromal myofibroblasts rich tissue (SPIN1, FUSIP1, TRIM23, SLC25A40, PTPLAD1, MP3K2). HNSCC is a heterogeneous disease despite the presence of...
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