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Association between body composition and motor performance in pre-school children
Ondřejíková, Leona ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Hana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to prove a connection between body composition and motor performance in preschool children. The results of a motor performance analysis applied to calendar age only showed a statistically significant difference in some of the tests. Latent obese, overweight and obese children did not score demonstrably worse test results than their normosthenic peers. It is known, that body fat can speed up the process of the biological development of the organism, and therefore alter the height age. That raises a question, whether children, whose fat tissue is increased, could have their height age accelerated in comparison to their calendar age. After the motor tests results were adjusted to height age, they showed more practical significant differences in motor performance among the different groups. The results of children with increased fat tissue showed that after the adjustment to height age was made the children's motor performance got worse than what their motor performance was prior to the adjustment. Key words: increased body fat, preschool age, height age, motor performance, fundamental motor skills
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Study of somatic traits of linear proporcionality in boys at the age of 11 to 14 years.
Němcová, Kateřina ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
This study brings the information on linear body proportionality of pubescent boys. The body linear proportionality was validated by using the SD scores gained from the measured data and by validating the individual proportionality with help of natural Percal indices. Each child was considered according to his biological maturity by using KEI index. For rating of the growth of individual and his proportionality, the compliance of KEI index and the difference of height and chronological age were validated. The considering of those biological trends made it possible to separate the individuals with possible physiological variant of normal growth from the individuals with suspective growth pathology. The set included 346 boys in the age of 10-14 years, after replacing of disproportional individuals from the study. For evaluation of changes in the linear body proportionality the linear somatic markers with high degree of accuracy and reliability of measurement were chosen and the descriptional statistics were set to these parameters and to their indices. Comparing with reference sets the changes in proportional relations in year and half-year cathegories were described. Descriptive statistics of subischial length to sitting height index and arm span to body height index are not part of the referencial standard...
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The effect of a two-month reducing and exercise training programme on the change of body fat of adults.
Klimentová, Andrea ; Vacková, Blanka (advisor) ; Sedlak, Petr (referee)
The main objective of my thesis was evaluate the two-month motion reduction program by determining changes in body fat of fitness clients. The study included a total of 61 persons from that 29 men and 32 women. Used were basic anthropometric methods - calliperation method and calculation of percent body fat according to Pařízková, bioelectric impedance BIA, calculating the percentage of body fat according to Deurenberg and BMI. The study foresees reduction program success (reduction in body weight, body fat and BMI values for all participants of the investigation file), the possibility of using regression equations establishing the percentage of body fat in terms of fitness, improvement of physical and mental well-being of clients and increasing the motivation for the next sport activities. Keywords: body fat, %fat Pařízková, %fat Deurenberg, BIA, BMI
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The somatic and psychomotor development of a sample of children from the 1st classes - Prague, Strakonicko.
Koubová, Martina ; Vacková, Blanka (advisor) ; Sedlak, Petr (referee)
In six years the child is usually ready to enter to primary school. The important preconditions for school maturity is just a summary of psychological maturity, social, biological and health. Somatic growth is an indicator of the health status of individuals and populations, an indicator of social and economic aspects of past and present. It is primarily driven by the genetic code, the action of hormones and influenced by external environmental factors. If a child lives in such conditions, where it's genetic potential can be fully realized, i.e. sufficient health care, providing adequate nutrition and appropriate socio-economic conditions, then his physical growth, mental and physical development is in accordance with the recommended references. Nowadays, the trend to delay school attendance in a large boom. In some cases the delays are really necessary and beneficial, in others parents want to "extend" their childhood. The question therefore is whether there are indeed significant differences between children six-year old and seven-years old, both in somatic condition of individuals, and psychomotor status. Given that the environmental factor affects many, the next question is whether there are significant differences between children in their first grade of school of other regions.
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Determination of exercise post-oxygen consumption (EPOC) following resistance training, and aerobic exercise
Galertová, Alena ; Petr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Sedlak, Petr (referee)
Oxygen debt repayment after completion of intense muscular activity reflects the significant involvement of anaerobic metabolism druring exercise. Some studies have reported an increased oxygen consumption even after 24 to 48 hours after strength training character, while after the activities of lower intensity (the aerobic exercise) is the oxygen consumption increased only in the order of several hours. In common practice, especially in the selection of the most suitable forms of exercise to increase energy expenditure in the general population, this is not usually a calculated factor. The aim of the thesis is the comparison of the energy expenditure by using indirect calorimetry and monitoring of selected individuals and at intervals after completion intense muscular activity and after aerobic exercise. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Differences in growth parameters in SGA / IUGR children and patiens with growth hormone deficiency treated with recombinant growth hormone
Kročilová, Kateřina ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Lisá, Lidka (referee)
In the Czech Republic is born to 5 % of SGA / IUGR children, about 5, 000 children a year, and their incidence is increasing. In 10 - 15 % does not occur postnatal compensation growth acceleration and growth retardation is then further deepens. Since 2003, these children can be treated by recombinant growth hormone in supraphysiological doses. Master thesis brings informations about SGA / IUGR children and their growth parameters during the first 2 years from the beginning of treatment when the monitoring was carried out at three - month intervals. The results are compared with the group of patients treated with growth hormone for growth hormone deficiency. Growth data was processed by a group of 57 SGA / IUGR children, which was compared with data of 34 children with growth hormone deficiency treated between 2003-2015 with growth hormone. Treatment of both groups of patients was carried out by a suitable therapeutic protocol, with the dose of GH by the respective diagnosis. These parameters were monitored: body height and weight, growth rate, BMI and weight - height ratio of patients. SGA / IUGR and GHD patients showed different growth profile in the initial phase of treatment when GHD patients had higher acceleration peak after 3 months of starting treatment and steeper increase in growth rate....
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Pubertal age assessment in bio-archaeology: an application to a Grand Moravian population (9.-11. centuries)
Pospíšilová, Kateřina ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Sedlak, Petr (referee)
An estimation onset of puberty of past populations is a new approach in the field of bioarchaeology. Findings of the existence of a relationship between physiological processes (menarche onset), skeleton development, and mineralization of permanent teeth, confirm results of contemporary field research. Puberty, the focal point of this study, represents a key phase of the human life cycle with important biological and social connotations. This study focuses on the timing of pubertal development in the early medieval population of Great Moravia (9th−11th century). Inter alia, the aim of the thesis is to estimate the age of the onset and progression of puberty in selected localities of Great Moravia, to compare the timing of puberty among girls from different socioeconomic levels, and to compare pubertal development among girls and boys in particular sites. A total number of 66 individuals between the ages of 7 and 20 were chosen for the purpose of this research. The examined individuals originated from two Great Moravian sites (Mikulčice and Rajhrad) with distinct socioeconomic levels. Their puberty was evaluated on the basis of maturation of the skeleton and mineralization of the permanent mandibular dentition. The thesis findings indicate that the onset of puberty (10−12 years) and menarche (13...
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