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Links between atmospheric circulation and surface air temperature distributions in climate models
Pejchová Plavcová, Eva ; Kyselý, Jan (advisor) ; Halenka, Tomáš (referee) ; Huth, Radan (referee)
Title: Links between atmospheric circulation and surface air temperature distributions in climate models Abstract: This thesis comprises a collection of five papers dealing with validation of regional climate model (RCM) simulations over Central Europe. The first paper illustrates and discusses problems with observed data that are used for model validation and how the choice of reference dataset affects the outcomes in validating the RCMs' performances. The second paper evaluates daily temperatures, and it indicates that some temperature biases may be related to deficiencies in the simulations of large- scale atmospheric circulation. RCMs' ability to simulate atmospheric circulation and the observed links between circulation and surface air temperatures are examined in detail in the third paper. This article also compares performances of individual RCMs with respect to the driving data by analysing the results for the driving data themselves. The fourth paper focuses on biases in the diurnal temperature range within RCMs and their possible causes by examining links of the errors to the at- mospheric circulation and cloud amount. The last paper investigates the observed relationships between atmospheric circulation and daily precipitation amounts over three regions in the Czech Republic, as well as how these...
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Effects of sudden air temperature and pressure changes on mortality
Plavcová, Eva
It has been shown that weather influences human health; however, little attention has been payed to the role of sudden changes of weather characteristics. In this work we developed an algorithm for identification of sudden changes of air pressure and temperature over the Czech Republic. Events were selected from the data covering 1986-2005 and were compared with the database of daily all-cause (total) mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, both for the whole population and for people aged 70 years or more. Increase of mortality was found after significant temperature increase or pressure drop both in summer and winter months. Decrease of mortality occured after significant pressure increase or temperature drop in summer. Mortality variations are usually more pronounced for population aged 70 years or more, and sudden temperature changes affect mortality on cardiovascular diseases more strongly. Changes in mortality were found after passages of cold fronts in summer, too.
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Compound hydrometeorological events
Laco, Martin ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Pejchová Plavcová, Eva (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with compound hydrometeorological events and provides overview of recent knowledge of this significant natural phenomena. There have risen several definitions of compound hydrometeorological events in recent years. All of these definitions are connected with condition of simultaneous occurrence of two, possibly more dangerous meteorological or hydrological threats. Examples are simultaneous occurrence of drought and heatwave. One of the aims of the study was to attempt classication of compound hydrometeorological events. Based on recent knowledge, it is possible to look at this type of threat from two main perspectives. The first perspective could be a description of a compound event as a random combination of dangerous threats, while the second perspective illustrates the dangerous phenomena as interdependent events. The practical part outlines some examples of associated hydrometeorological events that occurred in the Czech Republic with the help of brief case studies. Key words: compound hydrometeorological events, simultaneous occurrence, storm surge, heavy precipitation, drought, heatwave
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Links between atmospheric circulation and surface air temperature distributions in climate models
Pejchová Plavcová, Eva ; Kyselý, Jan (advisor) ; Halenka, Tomáš (referee) ; Huth, Radan (referee)
Title: Links between atmospheric circulation and surface air temperature distributions in climate models Abstract: This thesis comprises a collection of five papers dealing with validation of regional climate model (RCM) simulations over Central Europe. The first paper illustrates and discusses problems with observed data that are used for model validation and how the choice of reference dataset affects the outcomes in validating the RCMs' performances. The second paper evaluates daily temperatures, and it indicates that some temperature biases may be related to deficiencies in the simulations of large- scale atmospheric circulation. RCMs' ability to simulate atmospheric circulation and the observed links between circulation and surface air temperatures are examined in detail in the third paper. This article also compares performances of individual RCMs with respect to the driving data by analysing the results for the driving data themselves. The fourth paper focuses on biases in the diurnal temperature range within RCMs and their possible causes by examining links of the errors to the at- mospheric circulation and cloud amount. The last paper investigates the observed relationships between atmospheric circulation and daily precipitation amounts over three regions in the Czech Republic, as well as how these...
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Effects of sudden air temperature and pressure changes on mortality
Plavcová, Eva
It has been shown that weather influences human health; however, little attention has been payed to the role of sudden changes of weather characteristics. In this work we developed an algorithm for identification of sudden changes of air pressure and temperature over the Czech Republic. Events were selected from the data covering 1986-2005 and were compared with the database of daily all-cause (total) mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, both for the whole population and for people aged 70 years or more. Increase of mortality was found after significant temperature increase or pressure drop both in summer and winter months. Decrease of mortality occured after significant pressure increase or temperature drop in summer. Mortality variations are usually more pronounced for population aged 70 years or more, and sudden temperature changes affect mortality on cardiovascular diseases more strongly. Changes in mortality were found after passages of cold fronts in summer, too.
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