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Journeys to 'I'. Manifestations of individualism in Czech culture of the 19th century
Piorecká, Kateřina ; Bendová, Eva ; Hrdina, Martin
Kniha přináší příspěvky ze 41. ročníku plzeňského mezioborového sympozia, věnovaného manifestacím individualismu v průběhu „dlouhého“ 19. století. Otázky spojené se sebereflexí, sebeprezentací či sebeuskutečněním rezonovaly různým způsobem ve světě mužů a žen z řad měšťanstva, dělnictva i aristokracie. Autoři studií věnují pozornost vyhraněným osobnostem a leckdy složitému hledání a vymezování jejich pozice ve společnosti – vůči ideologickým projektům, uměleckým konvencím apod. Problematika individualismu je v publikaci obsahující obrazovou přílohu nahlížena z perspektivy historie, filozofie a různých uměnověd.
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„Time does not stand still, my friend...”Narrated and experienced time in the fiction of Teréza Nováková
Jedličková, Alice ; Piorecká, Kateřina
The main topic in Teréza Nováková's prose work Děti čistého živého came to be the religious plurality of villages and solitary residences around Proseč. The author decided to follow the fortunes of a fairly large group of characters over several decades. Hence the literary critics described this work of fiction as a novel chronicle. The author was also induced to do this by her ethnographically erudite approach to descriptions of the environments and the usual activities of the characters speaking together in their authentic dialect. However, the author's intention was different, as testified by the initial outline of the work, the author's diary, the novel manuscript and personal correspondence. This is also confirmed by an analysis of the narrative structure: by developing a novel methodology based on objectivizing narration and bold time structure, Nováková succeeded in creating a novel on the individual forms of time lived under the burden of the irreversible, inexorable march of physical time.
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Pochopit vteřinu. Prožívání času v české kultuře 19. století
Hrdina, Martin ; Piorecká, Kateřina ; Bendová, E.
Tématem plzeňského sympozia pro rok 2018 je čas – jeho význam pro člověka a společnost dlouhého 19. století. Modernizační procesy, jimiž se toto historické období vyznačuje, vedly k potlačení cyklického vnímání času ve prospěch linearity. Čas a jeho reflexe se z mysli filozofů a vědců přesunuly do každodenního života většiny lidí. Sympozium se těmto tématům věnovalo na základě otázek, které jsou v současnosti aktuální pro výzkum této problematiky z hlediska humanitních a sociálních věd.
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„How Nice It Was in the Sitting Room When It Had Grown Dark!“ The Black Hour and Reflection on it in 19th-Centrury Czech Literature
Piorecká, Kateřina
In the 19th century the term “the black hour” meant the break in work at sunset, before it was worth lighting the lamps. Figuratively it became the general term for the period of dusk and after nightfall, when people used to sit together and talk. This phenomenon was originally connected with winter seasonal work, in particular flas-spinning session. The lighting conditions allowed oral traditions to survive, which in the course of the 19th century came to interest students of folklore and ethnographers. However, the process of industrialisation not only put an end to the tradition of people sitting together and talking while spinning or plucking feathers, but also severed cyclical time and placed the emphasis on the linearity of everything that happened. As part of the progressive transformation of traditional structures in civil society the process of literalisation needs to be observed as well. Czech writers imprinted oral forms such as legends, fairy-tales, or humorous stories into prestigious literary genres such as ballads, idylls, or short stories whit a moral. Taking the example of Božena Němcová’s shor proses and her novel Babička (Grandmother), the article shows that as a writer she tried to raise texts that had been passed down orally into the literary canon by the use of prestigious genres.
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Josef Kajetán Tyl’s Nocturnal Strolls. The Urban Periphery in the 1830s in the genre of scene from life
Piorecká, Kateřina
Around the mid-1830s, the genre from life, subsequently renamed to sketch, found its way into the Czech literary context. In terms of content, the genre’s focus was notably on the subject of urban life and its social aspects. The everyday reality of a big city and its geographical as well as social periphery had been previously viewed, from the aesthetic perspective of Czech society of the time, as a schockingly inappropriate theme. J. K. Tyl’s unfinished series of sketches, Z nočních potůlek po městách prazských (Nocturnal Strolls through Prague’s Quarters“), marked the first times Czech readers were confronted with the world of prostitutes, alcoholics and gamblers. In the mid-1830s, it represented, alongside Mácha’s Marinka, a unique attempt at introducing into Czech literature a previously tabooized theme, together with a new style of writing which could be defined as protorealistic.
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Machine Work. On the Technology of Writing before 1914
Piorecká, Kateřina
The typewriter was a novelty in the Czech milieu at the beginning of the 1890s, which is evidenced by both the popularisation articles in dailies and professional journals and the first satires. Despite the parallel existence of multiple competing systems, the typewriter gradually found its application in administration (including the administration of publishing houses and periodicals), but very slowly in the creative sphere. A handwritten manuscript was considered to be an expression of the personality of its author and was highly valued in particular in connection with literary production. Generations of symbolists and decadents therefore placed emphasis on calligraphic writing. A writer initially selected a typewriter for very pragmatic reasons: joint diseases etc.); 2) the legibility of the resulting text (as a consequence of changes in typesetting technology and its multiple acceleration, the requirements on the handwritten text became much stricter); 3) the anonymity of the text (unlike the handwriting, the typescript does not point directly to its author). However, a typewriter found favourers among writers, it was used by Josef Kalousek or Eliška Krásnohorská, Václav Tille or Karel Matěj Čapek Chod.
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