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Evolutionary aspects of bipedalism in hominins
Pinterová, Nikola ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
The work deals with the human bipedality, the previous locomotor behavior and possible reasons for its occurrence. For help finding Ardipithecus ramidus, who is dating close to the split of chimpanzees and humans, is studied prebipedal pattern of locomotor behavior. Emphasis is also placed on the way the movement of A. ramidus itself. On the basis of literary sources are in this thesis for an overview summarized the locomotor patterns of representatives Catarrhini and listed important adaptations to bipedality of the human skeleton. The adaptations then are the criterion for the evaluation of bipedalism in fossil bones of A. ramidus. Furthermore, we deal with evolutionary hypotheses about the origin of bipedalism. Key words Bipedalism, locomotion, human, chimpanzee, Ardipithecus ramidus ramidus, hominins, evolution
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Effect of N-acetylcysteine and therapeutic hypothermia on ischemia-reperfusion injury after experimental cardiac arrest
Pinterová, Nikola ; Škulec, Roman (advisor) ; Kučera, Karel (referee)
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only clinically used intervention that suppresses nearly all manifestations of ischemia-reperfusion injury after cardiac arrest. Experimental models has proven that exogenous antioxidants have positive impact on ischemia-reperfusion injury and it is able to prevent it as well. Results in this thesis are based on application of high dosages of N-acetylcystein (NAC) on ischemia-reperfusion injury after experimental cardiac arrest in a porcine model. It was used as a form of monoteraphy or in combination with TH. During the experiment animals were randomized into 5 groups: administration of NAC and TH (group A), administration of NAC during cardiac arrest (group B), induction of TH (group C), without any intervention (group D) and administration of NAC after return of spontaneous circulation (group E). We were not able to confirm additive effect of NAC in combination with TH. Administration of NAC during cardiac arrest led to statistically important reduction of oxidative stress but in the same time anafylactic reaction led to higher mortality in group B and changes in hemodynamical parameters in group E. Key words: Therapeutic hypothermia, cardiac arrest, N-acetylcysteine, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, oxidative stress, oxygen radicals
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Evolutionary aspects of bipedalism in hominins
Pinterová, Nikola ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
The work deals with the human bipedality, the previous locomotor behavior and possible reasons for its occurrence. For help finding Ardipithecus ramidus, who is dating close to the split of chimpanzees and humans, is studied prebipedal pattern of locomotor behavior. Emphasis is also placed on the way the movement of A. ramidus itself. On the basis of literary sources are in this thesis for an overview summarized the locomotor patterns of representatives Catarrhini and listed important adaptations to bipedality of the human skeleton. The adaptations then are the criterion for the evaluation of bipedalism in fossil bones of A. ramidus. Furthermore, we deal with evolutionary hypotheses about the origin of bipedalism. Key words Bipedalism, locomotion, human, chimpanzee, Ardipithecus ramidus ramidus, hominins, evolution
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