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Tests of independence in contingency tables
Pavlík, Lukáš ; Maciak, Matúš (advisor) ; Hlávka, Zdeněk (referee)
In this thesis we investigate various methods for testing independence in two-way contingency tables. The methods are explained, their advantages and drawbacks are dis- cussed, and we also illustrate the methods on an example. Further, we compare the tests on simulated data using R statistic programming language. Based on simulation results we try to decide which test is the best choice for a situation. In particular, we investi- gate a new method, USP test, which is based on the theory of so called U-statistics. We therefore describe these, too. It is shown that USP test performs much better than other tests in particular cases, but fails in some others. These cases are specified and guidelines are made about when the test is advantageous to use and when it is not. 1
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Why do not central banks target nominal GDP?
Pavlík, Lukáš ; Komrska, Martin (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to explore the question why do not central banks target nominal GDP (NGDP). I find out with comparison of inflation targeting to NGDP targeting that they are different at supply-side shock but same at demand-side shocks. NGDP targeting at positive supply-side shock let the price level decline vice versa. Inflation targeting always tries keep inflation on the target, no matter what the direction of the supply-side shock is. In the case of comparison NGDP targeting to free-banking system I find out accordance in the question of fluctuation of the price level during demand and supply-side shocks. However these systems differ in the nature of structural problems of the economy. NGDP targeting has disadvantage in this area against free-banking system that it can cause bubbles on asset markets by unven increase of money supply and it can neglect real problems of the economy. Central banks and academic economists mostly agree that NGDP targeting is not suitable mainly due to problems with GDP data quality, threat of instable inflation and troubles with estimation of nature rate of output. In the meantime they prefer inflation targeting even though this monetary regime has showed its weaknesses too.
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Survey of ethical and other problems with the use of drones in society
Pavlík, Lukáš ; Zamazal, Ondřej (advisor) ; Sigmund, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the problem of using commercially available drones and follows the ethical and other problems of their use. In this thesis I set four objectives, which contain a the acquaintance with the problems of drones in general and from the viewpoint of artificial intelligence; the acquaintance with ethics in general, from the viewpoint of artificial intelligence and especially in regard to drones; own research of ethical and other problems regarding the use of drones in society; conducting a survey of ethical and other problems with the use of drones in society through questionnaires. I achieved these objectives by studying the problems in detail and then executing two questionnaire surveys and consulting with experts. My contribution to this thesis is the assessment of problems, which are compared with the results from the questionnaires. The work is divided into four chapters where the first chapter focuses on the ethical side. The second part deals with the drones themselves and focuses on the definition of drones. The third part discusses ways of using commercially available drones. Finally, the last chapter is devoted to problems that directly relate to the drones and focuses on the results of the surveys.
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