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Totalitarian thinking: a critique by Theodor Adorno
Klubalová, Jitka ; Noble, Ivana (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee)
There is still a totalitarian regime in some countries of the world. This regime does not allow its citizens to develop their individual development, violates human rights and does not respect a personal freedom. There is an obvious centralisation of power, suppressed diversity and very strong tool of power is ideology in these states. A way of thinking of a ruling establishment, but also of people who are in thrall of the totalitarian regime could be called as a totalitarian thinking. Theodor Adorno was concerned by the critique of such thinking and he also wanted to name the pathological attributes of such thinking. Adorno's main idea is the concept of identity and non-identity: how we name the world. We need to name the the reality around us, because as humans this ability to categorise influences our view of reality. It is how we judge society and our behaviour within it. The opinions of Theodor Adorno are accompanied by Václav Havel's reflections. Havel lived the significant part of his life in totalitarian Czechoslovakia and throughout his works he was concerned with the phenomenon of a "post-totalitarian system ". The texts of both of these thinkers form the basis for the personal attempt of the author to discuss the phenomena which lead to totalitarianism.
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Dream about the Paradise on Earth in the Work of Dostojevskij
Netopilová, Barbora ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Sládek, Karel (referee)
The dream about an earthly paradise, rediscovery of an original, absolutely harmonic paradisal life is, in Dostoevskij's opinion, one of the deepest and the most valuable dreams of the human heart. The spiritual course of any human being has its own history, it is born from thesis (babtism), goes through antithesis (crises) and finishes in synthesis (beauty). A man comes from the Eden Paradise and aims at heaven. So, a man in course of his spiritual life is in a real split into two paradises: the Eden Paradise from which he is coming from and the Kingdom of God where he is aiming at. The midpoint of the life course is accompanied by a crisis, that can also be described as separation from the the paradise. The characters of novels by Dostoevskij failed due to the fact, that they were not able to admit their presence between two "paradise states" and so their ideas about earthly paradise establishment were being corrupted. In our piece of work we are going to follow four trends: 1. Time corruption, incorrectly understood sense of history. The tendency to return back where a man came from, in an origenestic, cyclic interpretation of a comeback is apparent in a story The Dream of a Ridiculous Man. Another extreme shows marxism ideas going around Europe which deny both the importance and the sense of...
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Social responsibility of an organization according to the Christian social teaching (theological ethical reflection)
Štěpánová, Helena ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Lorman, Jaroslav (referee)
Bibliografická citace Společenská odpovědnost organizace v zrcadle křesťanské sociální nauky (teologicko- etická reflexe): bakalářská práce / Helena Štěpánová; vedoucí práce Libor Ovečka.- - Praha, 2014. - - s. 39 Abstract The Bachelor thesis "Corporate Social Responsibility in the view of Christian Social Teaching (theological-ethical reflection)" first briefly presents Christian social teaching and ethics, their principles, standards and instruments. Then the thesis deals with Christian economic and business ethics as well as its purely economic concepts. The main part of the thesis concerns corporate social responsibility, focusing on its characteristics, forms, instruments and the role of stakeholders. Two concepts of responsibility are scrutinised: the interpretation according to management theory in contrast to Christian social teaching. The thesis' main conclusion is the theological- ethical reflection of corporate responsibility, the stipulation of the differences between the two concepts as well as the reasons for this distinction. Key words Responsibility, Social Responsibility, Christian Social Teaching and Ethics, Business Ethics, Stakeholders 2 Obsah Úvod ………………………………………………………………………… 2 1. Křesťanská sociální nauka - principy, kritéria a nástroje ……… 4 1.1. Biblické východisko křesťanské...
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Understanding Work in the Social Teaching of the Church
Nohel, Petr ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Sládek, Karel (referee)
The title of this bachelor thesis is "Understanding Work in the Social Teaching of the Church". Individual topics related to the field of work and general human activity are presented here in accordance with social encyclicals written from 1891 to 1991. Each theme connected to work is presented gradually, so that its genesis, conception and development can be followed, depending on the changeable conditions of each time period. It becomes obvious that the basic postulates of encyclicals stay compact in their general frames, they are, however, modified by different popes. Moreover, each pope puts emphasis on specific aspects of the themes, according to current needs of social evolution. Consequently, social encyclicals show a number of phenomena changing within one hundred years. These are for example: right to work and strike, work of women and children, redistribution of estates, value of earnings or spirituality of work as human contribution to creation.
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Justification of ethical requirements of an employee in the concept of corporate social responsibility
Novotný, Oldřich ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Sládek, Karel (referee)
This work seeks to uphold the ethical relevance of the concept of CSR (corporate social responsibility - CSR), particularly with regard to employees as an important participant of the economic process, which the scope of the concept of CSR falls in. So first we will need to defend the importance and role of ethics in the economy in general, and then illustrate the relevance of ethical business conduct toward employees in the company's strategy, which will be based on the principle of the categorical imperative and the concept of natural rights of human as philosophical - ethical grounds. Then, at work, we will deal with a particular ethical claims stemming from philosophical - ethical defensibility of the concept, while the requirements for an employer to an employee will be critically reflected on the criteria of Christian social ethics. When instantiating the criteria of Christian social ethics will be based on the requirements of this discipline together with philosophical ethics and economic (business) ethics. The work will be based on the definition of the concept of CSR - It is a concept where a company voluntarily assume responsibility for the welfare and sustainable development of modern society, and is expected to remain competitive, and it is not two conflicting objectives. Employee as...
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The Moral Relevance of Jesus' beatitude: "Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be filled" (Mt 5,6)
Menclová, Martina ; Lorman, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the ethically relevant contents of Jesus' Beatitudes: "Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be filled" (Mt 5, 6). At the beginning we find the exegesis of the Sermon on the Mount (Mt 5-7) and the clarification of the term of righteousness as it was taught by Jesus. Apart from the biblical righteousness we also look at the philosophical righteousness the way Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas understood it. This is to see if the antic idea of the righteousness differs from the righteousness taught by Jesus. Christ as the moral example of the Christians fully fulfilled the blessedness mentioned. That is why the following part of the thesis focuses on Jesus as the provider of righteousness and so called ethics of following. The final part of this work is dedicated to the application of the normative requirements arising from this beatitude in the present times, i.e. how a Christian should hunger and thirst for righteousness in everyday life.
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The ways of love in the prose Jozova Hanule. Theological interpretation of artistic text
Hojdová, Barbora ; Sládek, Karel (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee)
The ways of love in the prose Jozova Hanule The work deals with the theological interpretation of prose works Květa Legátová Jozova Hanule and looking for his referral options due to the different forms of love, which presents Benedict VXI. in the Encyclical Deus caritas est. In theological perspective focuses on how it is represented in the work of eros and agape and their relationship. On this basis, I try to show how the above prose refers to the mystery of transformation of man and definitive finding his personal identity in a community of unconditional love with another person and participate in the sharing of the eternal Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. Through the theory of ignition in the text affected by three plane plot of the story. In each of them the protagonist encounters an amendment to another form of love, which is gradually determined. Build and during his life journey from Brno to Želary discovers first love erotic and later meetings with selfless love, agape gradually grows into the fullness of perfect love, which combines eros and agape. Keywords ways of love, erós, agapé, communion of love, theological interpretation of literature, prose Jozova Hanule
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Theology of respect to life in the work of John Paul II. and its possible aplication for environmental ethics
Rohlena, Jan ; Sládek, Karel (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee)
Christianity is for the relationship to nature repeatedly exposed to criticism and expectations.The general objective of this work is to point out the legitimacy of one or the other.More specifically, this thesis deals with the position of man in creation and its relation to the world. The work analyzes the texts of Pope John Paul II., And in his work he tries to map such thoughts and attitudes that are applicable for environmental ethics. The main source of finding solutions to the theology of respect for life and theology of creation of this pope. This work attempts to bring complete complex theological and ethical foundations that could help a person gain a better knowledge in dealing with life and all of nature. The work is divided into three parts. The first environmental elements are searched in the theology of creation of John Paul II. The second part follows the Pope's theology of respect for life. The third part gives an insight into the state of the world, as at the turn of the millennium saw John Paul II., And presented concrete proposals to address the environmental crises that the Pope is aware. Due to the interdisciplinary theme pervades the work of theology, philosophy and environmental ethics.
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Analysis of the Pontifical Missionary Societies' Activities in the Czech Republic
Hajičová, Ivana ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Lorman, Jaroslav (referee)
The aim of the thesis "Analysis of the Pontifical Missionary Societies' (PMS) Activities in the Czech Republic" is to determine to what extent the activities of Czech PMS are truly missionary. First, basic terms are defined: mission, charity, humanitarian aid, and development assistance (Chapter 1). What they all have in common is caring for others; charity and mission have religious motivation and are carried out by the Church, whereas humanitarian aid and development assistance are matters of a secular state (though in everyday use the terms are often confused). Charity, i. e. selfless help to those in need, does not have a religious goal, it is not an instrument of evangelization unlike mission, whose aim it is to proclaim the Gospel (Chapter 2). Mission lies at the heart of the PMS on a worldwide scale and for this purpose they were established: Society for the Propagation of the Faith 1822, Society of the Holy Childhood 1843, Society of St. Peter the Apostle 1889, and Missionary Union 1916 (Chapter 3). Since their renewal in the CR in 1993 the Societies have developed a wide range of membership forms and activities, and collection yields have grown tenfold (Chapter 4). What the money is spent on determines the basic character of the institution. Exact data of the National Office for 2011 and 2012 show...
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