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Indirect calorimetry in patients with home parenteral nutrition
Neradová, Andrea ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Ševela, Stanislav (referee)
Introduction: Establishing the energy expenditure of patients with home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is a key component of nutritional care, just as important as being aware of how HPN affects energy expenditure. This helps prevent complications associated with excessive or insufficient nutrition. Certain studies have aimed at these issues have been carried out around the world, but little attention has been devoted to this subject in the Czech Republic as of yet. Several methods of ascertaining energy expenditure exist, with indirect calorimetry being considered the gold standard, however, in practice, various predictive equations are predominantly used instead. Aims: To compare the difference between the base metabolic rate (BMR) and the resting energy expenditure (REE) in patients with home parenteral nutrition. When measuring REE, to also establish the extent of the thermic effect of parenteral nutrition. Furthermore, to compare the results for energy expenditure (BMR, REE) obtained via indirect calorimetry with the results obtained via the frequently used predictive equations for calculating BMR and REE, and to ascertain which predictive equation most closely matched the measurements obtained via indirect calorimetry. Methodology: Outpatients with HPN seen at the 4th internal clinic of the...
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eating habits and lifestyle of obese people
NERADOVÁ, Andrea
In the theoretical part of my bachelor thesis I sum up the existing knowledge/information about obesity. In the first chapter I focus on the characteristics of obesity where I mention different definitions and ways of classification and diagnosis of obesity. In the next chapter I deal with obesity epidemiology, mentioning that it is an illness with an increasing prevalency, giving number information about obesity prvalency from different years to make its growth clearly visible. Further, I state what influences obesity prevalence. The next chapter focuses on possible causes of obesity formation. I mention possible risks, such as genetic, biochemical, psychological, socio-cultural and economic factors. In the next chapter, I describe obesity as a risk factor for the formation of certain illnesses and health condition complications. The link between obesity and certain illnesses is supported by a range of studies. In the last but one chapter I describe the prevention of obesity formation as one of the most important ways to solve the growing occurence of obesity. The last chapter is focused on the options of obesity therapy and on what types of therapy are used in different cases. In the practical part, I carried out a research on 40 respondents in which I was trying to map out their eating habits and the lifestyle of obese individuals, which was the aim of my thesis. I compared how the eating habits and lifestyle of obese individuals differed from the nutritional recommendations and helathy lifestyle principles. Women and men in the age group of 18 to 65 could be the respondents. Data collection was carried out through a quantitative method, via an anonymous questionnare. The research was carried out within the region of South Bohemia during three months in 2017. The results were evaluated via Microsoft Office Excel 2007. The total of 60 questionnares was handed out, but due to its return and unsatisfactory form-filling, the reearch file is finally made of only 40 respondents. The results prove that none, the eating habits nor the lifestyle of obese individuals significantly follow nutritional recommendations and healthy lifestyle principles. Obese individuals have an inappropriate representation of most nutrients in their diet, an irregular diet and low physical activity. Further on, I have confirmed my assumption that genetic factors, besides eating habits and lifestyle also support obesity.
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