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Cytokine expression in regressive melanoma on porcine MeLiM model
Miltrová, Veronika ; Skalníková, Helena (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
Cutaneous melanoma is a very aggressive cancer with increasing incidence. It originates from transformed pigmented skin cells (melanocytes). The main risk factor for melanoma development is exposure to UV light and repeated sunburns. In approximately 10 % of cases, melanoma occurs on hereditary basis. Patients with cutaneous melanoma diagnosed in early stages have very good prognosis, with surgical resection of the primary tumour being mostly sufficient for treatment. In contrast, the advanced melanoma stages with metastases are often progressive and refractory to conventional therapies. Cutaneous melanoma is referred to as an immunogenic tumour that is frequently infiltrated by cells of the immune system. Tumours with immune cell infiltration show better prognosis. Spontaneous regression may occur. Over the last few years, progress has been made in the treatment of melanoma using checkpoints molecules (anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1) to activate patients own immune system to recognize tumour lesions. In the tumour microenvironment, cytokines play an important role, enabling communication between cells and regulation of cell proliferation and migration and thus the tumour development. Cytokines (IL-2, IFNα) can be used in adjuvant therapy of melanoma. This work analysed levels of expressed cytokines in...
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Tertiary lymphoid organs in inflammatory reaction
Miltrová, Veronika ; Krulová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Brdička, Tomáš (referee)
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are associated with inflammatory reactions in autoimmune diseases or chronic inflammation. These organized T and B cell aggregates are structurally and functionally similar to secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). TLOs, due to their location in peripheral tissues, enable the immune system to respond more quickly and effectively to antigens and pathogens occurring in the body and to develop adaptive immune response. It is currently debatable whether TLOs have pathogenic or protective functions. This work focuses on the postnatal emergence of these new structures, the so-called neogenesis and interaction of cells, cytokines and chemokines occurring in TLOs. And last but not least, the impact of TLOs on the transplant response. Keywords: tertiary lymphoid organs, immune system, inflammatory reaction, lymphoid neogenesis
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