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The Acquisition of Possesives in German by Czech Native Speakers
Lindnerová, Anna ; Mertins, Barbara (advisor) ; Šimík, Radek (referee)
The Acquisition of Possesives in German by Czech Native Speakers Anna Lindnerová Abstract The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze how Czech native speakers interpret German possessives. The theoretical section provides a detailed overview of the possessive systems in both languages and compares them as well as the concepts of second language acquisition, language transfer, and bilingualism. Additionally, the section explores conceptions of possessive pronouns in several textbooks of German as a foreign language. The translation research conducted in this thesis focuses on how speakers of Czech with German as their second language handle the asymmetries between the possessive pronoun systems of the two languages when translating German sentences with the possessives ihr and sein into Czech. The data reveals that while Czech native speakers understand the fundamental rule of reflexivization of possessives, they often disregard it when translating from German into Czech. To further explore this issue, an experiment was conducted to test how both monolingual speakers of Czech and bilingual speakers of Czech and German interpret the referents of possessives in given sentences. The empirical findings of both parts of the research indicate that several variables play a role in the interpretation of...
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Order of acquisition of grammatical words and forms: on-linequestionnaire
Matějka, Štěpán ; Smolík, Filip (advisor) ; Mertins, Barbara (referee) ; Bytešníková, Ilona (referee)
Grammar acquisition is a widely researched area in international psycholinguistics. A great amount of research has focused on determining the order of acquiring grammatical words and forms in individual languages (e.g. Bloom et al., 1980; Brown, 1973; de Villiers & de Villiers, 1973). By contrast, as regards Czech, to this day there has been only a limited amount of data on the process of the acquisition of grammar words and forms based on empirical research or sourced from an adequate number of child respondents. Some findings about Czech grammar acquisition were introduced e.g. by Pačesová (1979), Chejnová (2016a) or Smolík (2002). The present dissertation therefore aims to collect descriptive data on the acquisition of grammatical words and forms in Czech. It also determines whether these grammar acquisition data can be collected using parent reports (e.g. Fenson et al., 1993, 2007; Rescorla, 1989), a method which has been used primarily to monitor the acquisition of lexis. Grammar acquisition has been examined through parent reports only to a limited extent. The dissertation comprises five parent report surveys, aimed at the acquisition of noun and adjective cases, verb forms, prepositions, interrogative expressions, conjunctions and linking expressions. Data were collected from a total of 580...
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Bidirectional transfer in Hindi/Urdu speakers with Czech as a Second Language
Melnikova, Nora ; Mertins, Barbara (advisor) ; Lehečková, Eva (referee)
Bidirectional transfer in Hindi/Urdu speakers with Czech as a Second Language Nora Melnikova Abstract The aim of this project is to examine the influence of Hindi/Urdu on Czech in advanced Hindi L1 speakers of Czech as a Second Language, as well as the influence of Czech on their respective L1. This is the first project of its kind. So far, there has been no research on Hindi/Urdu L1 speakers of Czech, in spite of the fact that dozens Hindi/Urdu L1-speakers enroll in Czech language courses in India every year and thousands of Hindi/Urdu L1-speakers are permanent or long-term residents of the Czech Republic and have acquired Czech at various levels of proficiency. The practical objective of this thesis is to provide first empirically based insights for teachers of Czech as a Foreign/Second Language to Hindi/Urdu L1-speakers in India and in the Czech Republic, as well as for teachers of other Slavic languages. The study analyzes the language production of 10 Hindi/Urdu L1 speakers who have lived in the Czech Republic for at least 5 years. The analysis is based on recordings of informal conversations. The obtained linguistic data was compared with standard grammatical descriptions of Hindi/Urdu and Czech in order to perform error analysis. With the help of contrastive analysis, errors caused by language...
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Endpoints in child-directed speech by Czech native speakers
Marklová, Anna ; Mertins, Barbara (advisor) ; Lehečková, Eva (referee)
The subject of this thesis is presence of endpoints in child-directed speech of Czech native speakers. It is based on researches, which show that czech language prefers holistic perspective. This occur for exemple in description of the motion event; a speaker tends to include the endpoint. Thanks to its holistic perspective, Czech language is unique among other Slavic languages, which use a phasal perspective. The phasal perspective highlights the motion process instead of the endpoint. There are several reasons, why Czech language uses holistic perspective: the most common is the proximity to German langugae, which also uses holistic perspective, and specific category of aspect. My thesis examines whether children can learn one of the feature of the holistic perspective, often referring to endpoints in the description of motion events. Research data consists in transcribing informal conversations between children and parents over incentives made for this purpose. I examine total amount od endpoints and how they are expressed. The analysis of the data proves high concentration of endpoints and also proves, that parents direct child's attention to them.
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Czech in aphasia: what can off-line experiments tell us?
Flanderková, Eva ; Mertins, Barbara (advisor) ; Nebeská, Iva (referee) ; Lehečková, Helena (referee)
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Neurobiological foundations of language comprehension system: Embodied cognition
Kubík, Tomáš ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Kalvach, Pavel (referee) ; Mertins, Barbara (referee)
Dissertation Neurobiological foundations of language comprehension system: Embodied cognition Abstract First part of the dissertation describes classical neuroanatomical structures of language processing. From an anatomical perspective, language comprehension system consists of many cortical and subcortical areas. Currently, new technologies depict pictures of bundles of nerve fibres connecting the brain eloquent structures. This line of research supports ideas about cognitive functions mediated by large neuronal networks. Part two focuses on the description of several important non-linguistic cognitive systems that are involved in the analysis of spoken language. Another aim of this part of the text is to monitor the actual language representations and their processing in the language comprehension system. Comprehension is viewed as a process of advancing from perception to creation of mental images (simulations) representing the outcome of this process in a healthy population. Part three takes into account lesion studies that are primarily focused on the manifestations of specific language symptoms in people with aphasia, right hemisphere damage, and dementia. The three distinct neurological units (in terms of damage localization) constitute three different types of disturbances in language understanding...
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