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Climate change or precursor emissions - which of these will be the major player in future ground-level ozone concentrations?
Tremaskina, Anastasiia ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Matoušková, Leona (referee)
This thesis examines the reasons for potential future outcomes as well as the evolution of future ground-level O3 concentrations. Ground-level O3 is primarily formed by the reaction of precursor emissions, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in the presence of solar radiation and warm temperatures. Transport, industrial operations, and energy production are the primary human activities that produce these emissions. Climate change, on the other hand, also has an impact on ground-level O3 concentrations by modifying the atmospheric conditions that promote O3 generation. The frequency and length of high O3 occurrences, for instance, may increase with increasing temperatures and changes in atmospheric circulation patterns, but drought conditions may decrease plant ability to absorb O3 and other pollutants. Additionally, precursor emissions can potentially be impacted by climate change. For instance, rising temperatures may cause plants to produce more biogenic VOCs, and shifting rainfall patterns may have an impact on soil NOx emission rates. Therefore, both precursor emissions and climate change must be considered and addressed in order to correctly anticipate future ground-level O3 concentrations. The work covers the results of previous studies on precursor emissions...
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Temporal and spatial analysis of ozone in the Jizerske hory Mts.
Stoklasová, Petra ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Matoušková, Leona (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate temporal and spatial patterns of concentrations of ambient ozone in the CHKO Jizerské hory. The Jizerské hory Mts. are an area where one of the highest concentrations of ambient ozone are measured every year and, therefore, our attention was focused on this area. The measurements were carried out between 2006 and 2010 at 13 sites (714-1000 m n. m.) in the CHKO Jizerské hory. From the input data, which were fortnightly average nitrate concentrations created on the filters of Ogawa passive samplers, fortnightly average concentrations of ambient ozone were computed using the empirical flow. Ambient ozone concentrations ranged from 13,8 ppb (year 2007) to 72,1 ppb (year 2006). From the five-year period under study defy the year 2006, when the highest concentrations of ambient ozone were measured. The lowest concentrations occurred in 2009. In all years, the concentrations of ambient ozone increased with increasing elevation and this gradient ranged from 2,7 to 4,6 ppb on 100 meters altitude. The accuracy and precision of measurement was very good (accuracy: R2 = 82 %; precision: R2 = 98 %). By multiple linear regression it was found, that ambient ozone concentration are influenced, in addition to the altitude, by ozone concentrations from previous...
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Surface ozone influence on native vegetation: results based on ozone visible symptoms and stomatal flux
Matoušková, Leona
Regarding the vegetation, the most affected areas by high levels of surface ozone (O3) are the mountain ridges. Our study has been carried out in the Jizerske hory Mts. High O3 levels together with the convenient environmental conditions for stomatal conductance could be a threat for the health of recovering ecosystems in this area. The aims of this study was both to assess the influence of O3 on vegetation in the Czech mountains and to provide recommendations and outlooks for possible future using of relatively new methods (visible symptoms and stomatal O3 flux modelling) used for O3 impact assessment on native vegetation in the field; that means physiologically relevant methods for the determination of O3 influence. During 2006 and 2007, O3-like visible symptoms were assessed on the leaves of seven species at four sites. Symptoms on only two species (Fagus sylvatica L. and Rubus idaeus L.) have been determined as O3-induced. To our knowledge, it is the first study in the Czech Republic in which the O3-like symptoms on native plants have been verified by the Ozone Validation Centre for Central Europe. Our results based on O3-induced symptoms indicate that ambient O3 is likely to have a much lower impact than expected, considering the measured O3 concentrations (measured with passive samplers) and...
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Surface ozone influence on native vegetation: results based on ozone visible symptoms and stomatal flux
Matoušková, Leona ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Albrechtová, Jana (referee) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
Regarding the vegetation, the most affected areas by high levels of surface ozone (O3) are the mountain ridges. Our study has been carried out in the Jizerske hory Mts. High O3 levels together with the convenient environmental conditions for stomatal conductance could be a threat for the health of recovering ecosystems in this area. The aims of this study was both to assess the influence of O3 on vegetation in the Czech mountains and to provide recommendations and outlooks for possible future using of relatively new methods (visible symptoms and stomatal O3 flux modelling) used for O3 impact assessment on native vegetation in the field; that means physiologically relevant methods for the determination of O3 influence. During 2006 and 2007, O3-like visible symptoms were assessed on the leaves of seven species at four sites. Symptoms on only two species (Fagus sylvatica L. and Rubus idaeus L.) have been determined as O3-induced. To our knowledge, it is the first study in the Czech Republic in which the O3-like symptoms on native plants have been verified by the Ozone Validation Centre for Central Europe. Our results based on O3-induced symptoms indicate that ambient O3 is likely to have a much lower impact than expected, considering the measured O3 concentrations (measured with passive samplers) and...
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Temporal and spatial analysis of ozone in the Jizerske hory Mts.
Stoklasová, Petra ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Matoušková, Leona (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate temporal and spatial patterns of concentrations of ambient ozone in the CHKO Jizerské hory. The Jizerské hory Mts. are an area where one of the highest concentrations of ambient ozone are measured every year and, therefore, our attention was focused on this area. The measurements were carried out between 2006 and 2010 at 13 sites (714-1000 m n. m.) in the CHKO Jizerské hory. From the input data, which were fortnightly average nitrate concentrations created on the filters of Ogawa passive samplers, fortnightly average concentrations of ambient ozone were computed using the empirical flow. Ambient ozone concentrations ranged from 13,8 ppb (year 2007) to 72,1 ppb (year 2006). From the five-year period under study defy the year 2006, when the highest concentrations of ambient ozone were measured. The lowest concentrations occurred in 2009. In all years, the concentrations of ambient ozone increased with increasing elevation and this gradient ranged from 2,7 to 4,6 ppb on 100 meters altitude. The accuracy and precision of measurement was very good (accuracy: R2 = 82 %; precision: R2 = 98 %). By multiple linear regression it was found, that ambient ozone concentration are influenced, in addition to the altitude, by ozone concentrations from previous...
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Surface ozone influence on native vegetation: results based on ozone visible symptoms and stomatal flux
Matoušková, Leona
Regarding the vegetation, the most affected areas by high levels of surface ozone (O3) are the mountain ridges. Our study has been carried out in the Jizerske hory Mts. High O3 levels together with the convenient environmental conditions for stomatal conductance could be a threat for the health of recovering ecosystems in this area. The aims of this study was both to assess the influence of O3 on vegetation in the Czech mountains and to provide recommendations and outlooks for possible future using of relatively new methods (visible symptoms and stomatal O3 flux modelling) used for O3 impact assessment on native vegetation in the field; that means physiologically relevant methods for the determination of O3 influence. During 2006 and 2007, O3-like visible symptoms were assessed on the leaves of seven species at four sites. Symptoms on only two species (Fagus sylvatica L. and Rubus idaeus L.) have been determined as O3-induced. To our knowledge, it is the first study in the Czech Republic in which the O3-like symptoms on native plants have been verified by the Ozone Validation Centre for Central Europe. Our results based on O3-induced symptoms indicate that ambient O3 is likely to have a much lower impact than expected, considering the measured O3 concentrations (measured with passive samplers) and...
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Surface ozone as a factor of oxidative stress in mountain forests.
Bendáková, Hana ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Matoušková, Leona (referee)
This study presents mountain forest Norway spruce (Picea abies) injured by surface ozone and oxidative stress. Norway spruce is not a sensitive species but it is the most representative tree in our country and this is the reason to pay attention on its injury. Study was connected to the ozone measurement by CHMI in Jizerske mountains. Aim of our study was to find influence of surface ozone on the forest and show correlation between ozone concentrations, altitude and Norway spruce injury. Ozone concentrations are growing with the altitude. Increasing percentage of injury with growing concentrations and altitude was expected. Needles were collected at the altitude 750-1100 meters. Collected needle years were 2006, 2007 and 2009. The 2009 year was not evaluated because no symptoms were found. Injury was observed on the maroscopical, microscopical and biochemical level. Visual injury was assessed by percentage of injured needle surface by chlorosis and necrosis. Microscopical analysis studied injury on cross and longitudinal sections of needles. On the longitudinal sections were visible typically bone-cells. These cells have lost its shape by ozone stress and were narrowed in its width. Bone-cells were best visible near the stomata. Four symptoms were observed on the cross sections: tannin...
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Estimation of exposure index for surface ozone AOT40 from diffusive sampler measurements
Pavlíková, Monika ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Matoušková, Leona (referee)
The study summerizes methods of ozone AOT40 index estimation from time intergarated passive sampler measurements in forests. Ground-level ozone is a highly phytotoxic atmospheric pollutant. In recent years negative impacts of elevated concentrations of ground-level ozone on vegetation and ecosystems have been studied and atmospheric levels of ozone have been measured. There is a noticeable negative impact of elevated concentrations of ground-level ozone on forests in the Czech Republic, mainly in rural areas that are far away from the emission sources. The AOT40F exposure index is a tool to assess the geographical areas with vegetation potentially at risk due to elevated ground-level ozone concentrations. The AOT40 index is the accumulated hourly exposure during daytime hours above cut-off concentration of 40 ppb, during the growing season. Passive samplers are used for measuring ground-level ozone in high spatial resolution. Passive samplers are easy to use. However this metod provides time intergrated values of pollutant concentrations (1-2 weeks). It is not possible to estimate AOT40 index by using just data of mean ozone concentrations over the sampling period. Three methods were used to estimate the exposure index AOT40F for forests by mean ozone concentrations measured in the Jizerské Hory...
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Návrh systému hodnocení politik mezi jednotlivými systémy uživatelských informací ve vazbě na efektivní využití výsledků na rozhodovací a informační chování podle modelů a principů udržitelného rozvoje včetně testování a prezentace nástrojů znalostní báze životního prostředí
Ing. Lubomír Nondek, CSc. ; CENIA, česká informační agentura životního prostředí ; Bartoš, Lubomír ; Rollerová, Miluše ; Kodetová, Alžběta ; Cikánková, Jarmila ; Fereš, Jaroslav ; Valta, Jiří ; Kobližková, Edita ; Helová, Simona ; Matoušková, Leona ; Mertl, Jan ; Olivová, Lenka ; Pokorný, Jan ; Doubrava, Pavel ; Nondek, Lubomír
Zpráva popisuje výstupy projektu, jehož cílem bylo navržení ucelené metodické a institucionální základny, která bude vytvářet podklady pro rozhodování, přípravu strategických materiálů a umožní vypracovávat scénáře vývoje životního prostředí. Součástí projektu je návrh hodnocení vytvořených koncepčních materiálů. V rámci projektu byl vypracován přehled standardních technik rozhodování, ověřena aplikovatelnost metody analýzy obalu dat (DEA) a testovány analýzy časových řad. Byl připraven návrh na propojení práce expertů při přípravě pravidelně vydávaných zpráv o stavu životního prostředí a při práci na tvorbě výhledů a scénářů. Byl vypracován návrh na vytvoření pracovní skupiny a koordinačního centra GAINS CENIA pro analýzu scénářů politiky životního prostředí a jeho propojení se souvisejícími aktivitami. Byly zkoumány modely GAINS a LCA model IWM-2. Zpráva obsahuje podrobnější popis výsledků v jednotlivých přílohách.
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