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The role of cold acclimation in ischemicko-reperfusion injury
Marvanová, Aneta ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Čížková, Dana (referee) ; Králová Lesná, Ivana (referee)
Cardiovascular disease, including ischemic heart disease, its acute form of myocardial infarction and subsequent heart failure, is still the most common cause of death in the world. For decades, scientists have been aiming to find clinically usable cardioprotective interventions that effectively prevented this disease or reduced the consequences of this disease and improved the quality of life of patients. It is known that a healthy lifestyle, which includes long-term hardening, contributes to heart protection. The beneficial effects of hardening on personality have been known for two hundred years, but no one before us has investigated the effect of a cold environment on the magnitude of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage 10 years ago, we introduced a model of mild cold exposure (8 ± 1 řC) (MCE) which was protective on the size of the myocardial infarction and at the same time no negative side effects such as hypertension and myocardial hypertrophy were demonstrated. Our aim was to investigate the mechanism of cardioprotection induced by MCE. We asked the following questions: What is the metabolic profile of rats exposed to MCE? What is the effect of MCE on the magnitude of I/R damage in the short and long term? When does brown adipose tissue mature during MCE? Which signalling pathways are...
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Monocyte adhesion to endothelium and atherogenesis
Kauerová, Soňa ; Králová Lesná, Ivana (advisor) ; Kraml, Pavel (referee) ; Kuneš, Jaroslav (referee)
Despite the availability of effective therapy of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, cardiovascular mortality continues to be very high in the Western world. Inflammatory changes occurring in the arterial wall as well as in the adipose tissue play a major role in the development of atherosclerosis. Macrophages are involved in the process of atherogenesis as early as atherosclerosis begins to develop, when, still as monocytes, they migrate and adhere to the arterial wall as a result of endothelial activation and stimulation by pro-inflammatory substances. Adipose tissue has long been recognized as an important endocrine organ, with part of adipose tissue made up by a large amount of macrophages capable of producing a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to the development of low-grade chronic inflammation important in the development of atherosclerosis. In samples of subcutaneous, visceral and perivascular adipose tissue (SAT, VAT, and PVAT, respectively) obtained from healthy subjects (living kidney donors, LKD), we analyzed macrophages and their polarization, gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the effect of substances released by VAT on the level of monocyte adhesion to the endothelium. In some analyses, we included samples of SAT, VAT and PVAT obtained...
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Perivascular adipose tissue in health and disease
Pasáková, Kateřina ; Králová Lesná, Ivana (advisor) ; Janovská, Petra (referee)
Adipose tissue is the biggest endocrine organ in a human body. Its function and composition have been intensively studied due to the rising number of overweight people. The cells of adipose tissue are called adipocytes. The substances that are produced by them are termed adipokines - cytokines secreted by adipocytes. It is possible to distinguish several types of adipose tissue based on its composition - white, brown and transient beige, or based on its location - visceral, subcutaneous and perivascular. Perivascular adipose tissue surrounds most of the blood vessels. Its effect can be inflammatory or anti-inflammatory and it is involved in the process of regulation of vascular tone. Pathology of perivascular adipose tissue can lead to a development of diseases which can directly or indirectly affect the cardiovascular system, and thus it may represent one of the main causes of death in the Western world.
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Monocyte adhesion on the endothelium in vitro
Kubátová, Hana ; Králová Lesná, Ivana (advisor) ; Galovcová, Markéta (referee)
Cardiovascular diseases are the major causes of death worldwide. Studying factors leading to initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and its complications leads to a better understanding of underlying mechanisms of this disease and to development of novel treatments. Adhesion of monocytes on the endothelial surface is the initial step of atherosclerosis. The main aim of this study was to establish and test an in vitro model of monocyte adhesion on the endothelial cells and to evaluate the results by means of two methods - measuring the fluorescence signal intensity and counting adhered cells. Because of its well known effects on endothelial cells activation and adhesion molecules expression TNF-α was chosen for endothelial cells stimulation. The lowest concentration of TNF-α affecting the percentage of adhered monocytes in comparision with negative control was 1 ng TNF-α/ml. The optimal concentration of TNF-α increasing the percentage of adhered monocytes was 10 ng TNF-α/ml. The influence of TNF-α on the adhesion was observed already after 5 minutes of coincubation of THP-1 monocytes with HUVEC. Using the optimal concentration of 10 ng/ml led to the highest percentage of adhered monocytes after 30 - 40 minutes of coincubation with HUVEC. Other factor affecting the percentage of adhered...
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