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The concept of family among children from broken families
KOUBOVÁ, Martina
My bachelor thesis The concept of family among children from broken families is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is based on analysis of literature and other sources. It deals with the psychological impact of the family on children first in a wider context, subsequently only by the effect of divorce on shaping the children's social network. I will use the practical part to analyze the child's experience, from their paintings, which I will parse. The practical part is processed by the form of an unstructured interview with children about his creation and subsequent picture analysis.
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Evolution of sex chromosomes and karyotypes in geckos (Squamata: Gekkota)
Koubová, Martina ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (advisor) ; Choleva, Lukáš (referee)
Gekkota is species-rich and diverse group of squamate reptiles (Reptilia: Squamata) with almost global distribution. There were many hypothesis defined about the phylogeny of this group, traditionally based on morphological data. The essential reversal in phylogenetic relationships occurred with the entry of molecular analysis, whose differ in their conclusions from traditional approach fundamentally, even in positions of mayor lineages. This fact has an essential importance for the karyotype evolution study of this group. The ancestral state is considered as 2n=38 karyotype with all chromosomes acrocentric. In some species is this karyotype kept, in another there is apparent an influence of chromosome changes, mostly Robertsonian fusions and pericentric inversions. Diploid chromosome number is from 16 to 46, but the most common is 2n=38 karyotype of mostly acrocentric chromosomes, gradually decreasing in size. The interesting character of this group is extraordinary variability in sex determining mechanisms. We can find there species with temperature sex determination and also species with genotypic sex determination (both types XX/XY and ZZ/ZW). Sex chromosomes data are documented in only 17 species. Sex chromosomes differ rapidly in their morphology and their homology between sister taxa was not proved...
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Molecular cztogenetic analysis of adaptive radiation in the gecko genus Paroedura (Squamata:Gekkota)
Koubová, Martina ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (advisor) ; Šťáhlavský, František (referee)
Paroedura genus includes 17 described species endemic to Madagascar and the Comoros Islands, where they went through a significant adaptive radiation. The genus Paroedura is monophyletic and well supported hypothesis on phylogenetic relationships among its species was published. Species vary considerably in body size and morphology and in preferences for habitat, some species live in sympatry. The genus Paroedura belongs to cytogenetically poorly studied family Gekkonidae which exhibits high variability in modes of sex determination and in comparison with basal gecko lineages, also considerable variability in the chromosome number and morphology. Karyotypes of only two species of the genus (P. picta, P. sp.) have been published. The aim of my thesis was to describe karyotypes of both sexes in all available species of the genus using conventional and molecular cytogenetic methods, to perform the phylogenetic analysis of karyotype evolution and chromosomal rearrangements in the genus, to assess the role of these rearrangements in the speciation of the genus and to detect sex chromosomes. I acquired karyotypes of both sexes in nine species representing the most of major phylogenetic lineages of the genus. According to the results, species can be divided into three groups according to diploid...
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The somatic and psychomotor development of a sample of children from the 1st classes - Prague, Strakonicko.
Koubová, Martina ; Vacková, Blanka (advisor) ; Sedlak, Petr (referee)
In six years the child is usually ready to enter to primary school. The important preconditions for school maturity is just a summary of psychological maturity, social, biological and health. Somatic growth is an indicator of the health status of individuals and populations, an indicator of social and economic aspects of past and present. It is primarily driven by the genetic code, the action of hormones and influenced by external environmental factors. If a child lives in such conditions, where it's genetic potential can be fully realized, i.e. sufficient health care, providing adequate nutrition and appropriate socio-economic conditions, then his physical growth, mental and physical development is in accordance with the recommended references. Nowadays, the trend to delay school attendance in a large boom. In some cases the delays are really necessary and beneficial, in others parents want to "extend" their childhood. The question therefore is whether there are indeed significant differences between children six-year old and seven-years old, both in somatic condition of individuals, and psychomotor status. Given that the environmental factor affects many, the next question is whether there are significant differences between children in their first grade of school of other regions.
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Molecular cztogenetic analysis of adaptive radiation in the gecko genus Paroedura (Squamata:Gekkota)
Koubová, Martina ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (advisor) ; Šťáhlavský, František (referee)
Paroedura genus includes 17 described species endemic to Madagascar and the Comoros Islands, where they went through a significant adaptive radiation. The genus Paroedura is monophyletic and well supported hypothesis on phylogenetic relationships among its species was published. Species vary considerably in body size and morphology and in preferences for habitat, some species live in sympatry. The genus Paroedura belongs to cytogenetically poorly studied family Gekkonidae which exhibits high variability in modes of sex determination and in comparison with basal gecko lineages, also considerable variability in the chromosome number and morphology. Karyotypes of only two species of the genus (P. picta, P. sp.) have been published. The aim of my thesis was to describe karyotypes of both sexes in all available species of the genus using conventional and molecular cytogenetic methods, to perform the phylogenetic analysis of karyotype evolution and chromosomal rearrangements in the genus, to assess the role of these rearrangements in the speciation of the genus and to detect sex chromosomes. I acquired karyotypes of both sexes in nine species representing the most of major phylogenetic lineages of the genus. According to the results, species can be divided into three groups according to diploid...
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Evolution of sex chromosomes and karyotypes in geckos (Squamata: Gekkota)
Koubová, Martina ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (advisor) ; Choleva, Lukáš (referee)
Gekkota is species-rich and diverse group of squamate reptiles (Reptilia: Squamata) with almost global distribution. There were many hypothesis defined about the phylogeny of this group, traditionally based on morphological data. The essential reversal in phylogenetic relationships occurred with the entry of molecular analysis, whose differ in their conclusions from traditional approach fundamentally, even in positions of mayor lineages. This fact has an essential importance for the karyotype evolution study of this group. The ancestral state is considered as 2n=38 karyotype with all chromosomes acrocentric. In some species is this karyotype kept, in another there is apparent an influence of chromosome changes, mostly Robertsonian fusions and pericentric inversions. Diploid chromosome number is from 16 to 46, but the most common is 2n=38 karyotype of mostly acrocentric chromosomes, gradually decreasing in size. The interesting character of this group is extraordinary variability in sex determining mechanisms. We can find there species with temperature sex determination and also species with genotypic sex determination (both types XX/XY and ZZ/ZW). Sex chromosomes data are documented in only 17 species. Sex chromosomes differ rapidly in their morphology and their homology between sister taxa was not proved...
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The somatic and psychomotor development of a sample of children from the 1st classes - Prague, Strakonicko.
Koubová, Martina ; Sedlak, Petr (referee) ; Vacková, Blanka (advisor)
In six years the child is usually ready to enter to primary school. The important preconditions for school maturity is just a summary of psychological maturity, social, biological and health. Somatic growth is an indicator of the health status of individuals and populations, an indicator of social and economic aspects of past and present. It is primarily driven by the genetic code, the action of hormones and influenced by external environmental factors. If a child lives in such conditions, where it's genetic potential can be fully realized, i.e. sufficient health care, providing adequate nutrition and appropriate socio-economic conditions, then his physical growth, mental and physical development is in accordance with the recommended references. Nowadays, the trend to delay school attendance in a large boom. In some cases the delays are really necessary and beneficial, in others parents want to "extend" their childhood. The question therefore is whether there are indeed significant differences between children six-year old and seven-years old, both in somatic condition of individuals, and psychomotor status. Given that the environmental factor affects many, the next question is whether there are significant differences between children in their first grade of school of other regions.
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The role of advertising in life of teenagers
Koubová, Martina ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Tuček, Milan (referee)
My master thesis looks at the role of advertising as a specific type of media texts in everyday life of teenagers. I perceive adolescence as an unusually dynamic stage of cognitive and social development, so it seems inappropriate to assume that adolescents' cognitive processes, believes and attitudes are the same as either adults or younger children. I tried to prove my hypothesis that teenagers behave as an active audience of advertising media texts and so that they are not pure victims of contemporary consumer society. After summarizing the research on media public with a special accent on an active audiences, I tried to do a review of socialization theories, particularly theories of consumer socialization. One of the outcomes connected with the process of consumer socialization should be a certain degree of skepticism to advertising. I intend to show how young people from thirteen to seventeen years of age, who are moving through adolescence, perceive, think and feel about omnipresence of advertising in contemporary consumer society. I was interested not only in how they see the role of advertising in their lives, but also how they describe the possible effects on themselves and on other people; style and arguments that they use; which topics they find relevant to write about, and last but not least,...
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