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Cardiovascular Risks in Chronic Airway Disease in Childhood
Kreslová, Marcela ; Sýkora, Josef (advisor) ; Fila, Libor (referee) ; Kopřiva, František (referee)
1 Cardiovascular risks in chronic airway disease in childhood The aim of this thesis was to evaluate cardiovascular risk by using a combined diagnostic approach by measuring RHI and specific biochemical markers in patients with chronic respiratory disease, where we could assume a possible risk of CVD. A total of 119 probands were examined, including 22 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 52 asthma patients. We evaluated RHI using a new plethysmographic method that has a number of advantages over the ultrasonographic methods used in other studies, including non-invasiveness, high sensitivity, low biological variability and objectivity due to automatic processing. Of the biochemical parameters, we measured 4 biomarkers in relation to endothelial dysfunction (ED): hsCRP, ADMA, E-selectin, and VCAM-1. We compared RHI and biomarkers in CF and asthma patients with healthy controls and sought mutual correlations. We did not prove a statistically significant difference in RHI between the test groups with CF children but we confirmed the decreasing trend of RHI since adolescence and significantly lower RHI values in CF adults, confirming the progressive development of atherogenesis and worsening of ED with age. Biochemical parameters showed significantly higher levels of hsCRP, sVCAM-1 and E-selectin in CF...
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The aspiration of gastric contens and the respiratory failure in childhood - the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage proteomic analysis
Hrdlička, René ; Kobr, Jiří (advisor) ; Kopřiva, František (referee) ; Šagát, Tibor (referee)
The aim of the study was the application of new immunoassay procedures in the respiratory failure diagnosis in children based on aspirations. Risk of aspiration, especially in children of the lowest age group, is significantly higher than in those of the other age groups. In some cases, the aspiration may be a fatal incident as sudden infant death syndrome. Currently, there is no exact diagnosis, which would allow to distinguish, when the aspiration is the cause and when it is the result of the respiratory failure. The problem remains also a diagnosis of bacterial contamination during aspiration. This prevents rational deployment of antibiotic treatment. The theoretical part deals with individual biomarkers and their potential contribution to the diagnosis of aspiration. In the current availability of multiplex analysis methodology biomarkers were selected and their dynamics in serum and tracheal aspirate in patients fulfilling the criteria have been analyzed. The biomarkers include cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, BNP), adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM- 1, fractalkine) and signal molecules (MMP9 and TIMP1). The group included 15 patients aged under 18 years with lung failure requiring mechanical ventilation based on aspirations. The severity of the clinical condition of the patient was assessed according...
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The aspiration of gastric contens and the respiratory failure in childhood - the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage proteomic analysis
Hrdlička, René ; Kobr, Jiří (advisor) ; Kopřiva, František (referee) ; Šagát, Tibor (referee)
The aim of the study was the application of new immunoassay procedures in the respiratory failure diagnosis in children based on aspirations. Risk of aspiration, especially in children of the lowest age group, is significantly higher than in those of the other age groups. In some cases, the aspiration may be a fatal incident as sudden infant death syndrome. Currently, there is no exact diagnosis, which would allow to distinguish, when the aspiration is the cause and when it is the result of the respiratory failure. The problem remains also a diagnosis of bacterial contamination during aspiration. This prevents rational deployment of antibiotic treatment. The theoretical part deals with individual biomarkers and their potential contribution to the diagnosis of aspiration. In the current availability of multiplex analysis methodology biomarkers were selected and their dynamics in serum and tracheal aspirate in patients fulfilling the criteria have been analyzed. The biomarkers include cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, BNP), adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM- 1, fractalkine) and signal molecules (MMP9 and TIMP1). The group included 15 patients aged under 18 years with lung failure requiring mechanical ventilation based on aspirations. The severity of the clinical condition of the patient was assessed according...
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Acute and chronic airways disease in children: new bioindicators and molecular targets for therapy
Šenkeřík, Marian ; Chládková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Hrstková, Hana (referee) ; Kopřiva, František (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to contribute to the standardization and validation of expiratory flow parameters independent of NO testing, particularly alveolar concentration (CANO) and bronchial NO flux (JawNO) in children and adolescents with allergic respiratory diseases. The thesis was created in the time of increased interest of medicine professionals in non-invasive examination methods and targeted therapeutic influence of inflammation in small airways in asthmatics. After the standardization and validation of clinical benefits, the measurement of concentrations of nitric oxide (FENO) in the air exhaled through the mouth with the speed of 50 ml/s was validated for the evaluation of eosinophilic airway inflammation in patients with asthma and started to be widely used in clinical practice. Currently, there is an ongoing research focused on a new method for FENO measurement at several flow rates, which uses physiological models of NO transfer in exhaled air, allowing to quantify the amount of NO in an indirect way and to monitor the intensity of the inflammatory processes in distal and proximal airways non- invasively. In groups of children and adolescents with allergic rhinitis and / or bronchial asthma and their healthy peers (aged 6 -19 years), the concentration of FENO was examined using online...
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Essays on the Behavior of Agents in Financial Markets
Kopřiva, František ; Hanousek, Jan (advisor) ; Hasan, Iftekhar (referee) ; Vachadze, George (referee)
In the first chapter, I focus on the extent of information-driven trading originating from order flows to capture the behavior of the market makers on an emerging market. With my supervisor, we modified the classical Easley et al. (1996) model for the probability of informed trading using a jackknife approach in which trades of one particular market maker at a time are left out from the sum of all buys and sells. Using the estimates from the jackknife approach, for each market maker we test whether the order flows associated with the particular market maker behaved significantly different from the others. Data from the Prague Stock Exchange SPAD trading platform are used to demonstrate our methodology. Finding significant differences in the probability of informed trading computed from order flows, we conclude that order flows could reveal the extent of information-driven trading and could potentially be used by regulatory authorities to identify the suspicious behavior of market participants. In the second chapter I analyze the potential conflict of interest between associated analysts and brokers. In contrast to the existing literature, with my supervisor, we do not analyze prediction accuracy and/or biases in analyst recommendations. Instead we focus our analysis on brokers and examine whether...
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Clinical Application of Lung Function Testing in Children
Bašek, Pavel ; Kokštein, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kopřiva, František (referee) ; Pohunek, Petr (referee)
SUMMARY: In my thesis I have been able to show important results from the clinical application of lung function testing in young children. Following children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, we have shown that many survivors of CDH have significant respiratory problems. However, the continual growth of airways and lung corrects the initial pulmonary function deficit. In our study, we reported on exhaled nitric oxide in CDH survivors and found normal, non-elevated levels. Studying children with inflammatory bowel disease, unlike as a single published study in adults, we found elevated exhaled nitric oxide also in children with non-active inflammatory bowel disease. The fact that conventional analysis of spirometric parameters failed in predicting the course of asthma has motivated our group to next study. It was an intriguing observation, that the subjective analysis of clinical severity of obstructive lung disease can be correlated to the measurement of curvature by using a mathematical equation. Nitric oxide is an important mediator of inflammation in several pathological conditions and the tendency to measure exhaled nitric oxide under different conditions has reached the neonatal medicine also. The multiple- breath method allows sampling of exhaled air via side stream during tidal breathing in...
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