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Comparison of marital behaviour in the Czech and Slovak Republic since 1993
Bedřichová, Eva ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Comparison of marital behaviour in the Czech and Slovak Republic since 1993 Abstract: This thesis deals with nuptiality in the Czech and Slovak Republic after the year 1993. The intention is to compare trends in intensity and timing of nuptiality in both countries and to describe the causes of changes. The main goal based on the analysis is to determine whether convergence or divergence of marital behaviour in both countries has occurred. The analysis involves study of trends in nuptiality before 1993 and based on nuptiality life tables of unmarried for period after 1993. Based on the results, divergence of marital behaviour has occurred in both countries after 1993. This study concerns Second Demographic Transition, population climate changes and family policy. Also similar historical, cultural and economic conditions that have possibly affected the marital behaviour are discussed. Keywords: marital behaviour, nuptiality intensity, timing of nuptiality, nuptiality life tables of unmarried
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Regional differences in fertility of teenage woman in the Czech Republic
Vokatá, Petra ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse the changes in reproductive behaviour of young girls under the age of 20 between the following periods 1987-1989, 1998-2000 and 2009-2011. Theoretical part describes the circumstances of early parenthood and concentrates on the influence of legislative circumstances of maternity. Since 1990s other changes have occured as regards fertility behaviour of young women which was influenced by new value system. The decrease in total fertility rate as well as postponement in childbearing are the main characteristic features of the Czech population. Regional analysis has revealed that Prague region and Ústecký region belong to the regions with the lowest and the highest value of fertility rate of women under the age of 20.
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Regional differentiation of induced abortion rate in the Czech republic
Chválová, Martina ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Regional differentiation of induced abortion rate in the Czech republic Abstract The goal of the work is to address the issue of induced abortion in the Czech Republic in 2011. The abortion definition and its types, necessary for exact delimitation of the topic, are introduced. Then actual legislation and data gathering of induced abortion are provided. The work focuses on the analysis of regional differentiation of induced abortions in the Czech Republic. The work includes graphs of some statistical indicators of induced abortions in the Czech Republic in 2011. It mainly focuses on pattems of induced abortions in individual regions, according to number of previous live-born babies to mothers who underwent the induced abortion, marital status and education level of these women. Methods of demographic analysis and statistical methods are used (induced abortions to live birth ratios, total induced abortions rate, women's average age at induced abortion). Working hypotheses are presented and consequently verified. Cluster analysis on the regional scale was applied to make the induced abortion patterns more transparent and easier to interpret. The analysis showed that the biggest number of induced abortions is in Central-Bohemia region and in Prague. The highest induced abortion ratio and total induced abortion...
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The impact of economic crises on fertility in EU member states
Chourová, Renáta ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (referee)
The Impact of Economic Crisis on Fertility in EU Member States Abstract The present bachelor thesis describes and compares the development of economic and demographic indicators within the context of the economic crisis in Europe. Using cluster analysis 27 European Union members have been divided into groups with similar characteristics. Moreover the countries were analysed based on results of cluster analysis covering selected years 2006 and 2011 which were selected by assuming of different values of parameters before and after the main impact of the economic crisis. European countries have been facing a decrease of total fertility rate below replacement levels from 60th of 20th century. It can be quite difficult to identify reasons of the above mentioned symptoms, but aspects affecting the total fertility level may be just changes in reproductive behaviour patterns associated with the impact of the second demographic transition and changing economic and political conditions in European countries. As there is a different total fertility level in various European countries we can see different interventions of local governments through a different pro-natal policy to encourage fertility. Key words: economic indicators, demographic indicators, economic crisis, European Union, family policy, cluster analysis
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The effect of population policy in Czechoslovakia on fertility in the period of 1950 to 1965
Křesťanová, Jana ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
The effect of population policy in Czechoslovakia on fertility in the period of 1950 to 1965 Abstract The main aim of this thesis is to describe the implemented measures of the population policy in Czechoslovakia between 1950 and 1965 and analyze their effect on fertility and on the other components of the population development in its context. The effectiveness of the population policy in this thesis is evaluated on the basis of identified patterns of development of fertility, abortion, marriages and divorce. Most of the adopted measures were not effective, because they had not been forestalled with any solutions to the problems such as unsatisfactory standards of living, high female employment, a lack of knowledge of the methods of modern contraception, and insufficient development of public services, which were completely affecting the population climate. The greatest impact on women's fertility was the approval of the abortion act, which resulted in decrease of number of births. The second significant intervention of population policy appears between 1963 and 1964 by pledging to prolong maternity leave. The fertility increased, but just for a short time. Overall character of the population policy was ineffective. Keywords: Population Policy, Population Climate, Fertility, The Abortion Act, Czechoslovakia
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Induced abortions in the world
Kortanová, Jana ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (referee)
Induced abortion in the world Abstract The aim of this thesis is to give a comprehensive overview on global legislation of induced abortion, and, using the resemblances in various laws to compare trends in the level of induced abortion. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the state of the legislations is evaluated, methods used for the procedure are given, and ways of governmental support for contraception are described. The second part of the thesis analyses the level of induced abortion and contraceptive prevalence in world regions and subregions at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century by means of demographics and statistics. The hypothesis that the strictness of legislation influences the number of executed induced abortions has not been analytically confirmed - it only affects the safety of the procedure. Another important factor affecting the level of induced abortion is, apart from the legislation in force, the accessibility of an effective contraception. As the contraceptive prevalence increases worldwide, the level of induced abortions decreases. Nevertheless, for some subregions this dependency has not been proved. Keywords: induced abortion, liberal and restrictive legislation, unplanned pregnancy, contraceptive prevalence
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Reproductive health and planned parenthood in Mexico
Cihelková, Lenka ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
Reproductive health and planned parenthood in Mexico Abstract The main target of this bachelor's thesis is to describe the main governmental programs focusing on reproductive health and planned parenthood in Mexico and to evaluate their impact on fertility, abortion, contraceptive behavior and maternal and infant mortality. Based on the findings effectiveness of programs has been demonstrated as regards reproductive health and selected indicators. These programs have been relatively successful, because during the analysed periods the total fertility rate decreased, the percentage of women who know any method of contraception increased and also maternal and infant mortality was reduced. One of the main problems which in Mexico continues to exist, is the restrictive regulation of induced abortions that make access to safe and legal abortion limited. Creation of a new system of abortion that would enable an access to safe induced abortions in Mexico could have a positive impact on both the maternal and the infant mortality rate. Overall, the selected programs focusing on reproductive health and family planning in Mexico have been quite successful. Keywords: Reproductive Health, Planned Parenthood, Contraception, Fertility, Mexico
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Family planning in Egypt
Efimenko, Yulia ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Family planning in Egypt Abstract The objective of this paper is to explore family planning in terms of its main purposes, spreading in the world and developing countries. The key aim is to analyze family planning in Egypt as in one of the most populated countries of the world and to evaluate the success of programs, which are orientated to reduce fertility levels. Based on available data this paper tries to examine population trends, which take place in the country over the last few decades. Key words: family planning, Egypt, fertility, contraception, developing countries
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Changes in reproductive behaviour within the second demographic transtition in the selected European countries
Polesná, Helena ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Changes in reproductive behaviour within the second demographic transition in the selected european countries Abstract The aim of this work is to analyze the changes in reproductive behavior within the second demographic transition in five countries of Europe. The Czech Republic, Estonia, The Netherlands, Finland and Portugal were selected. Each of them represents one of trajectories of the second demographic transition in the European region. Within theoretical concept of the second demographic transition the research of cultural factors was particularly stressed as they are considered to be the main factors of stimulation of the changes. Attention was focused on the analysis of value orientation of selected populations using data of the European Values Study (EVS) and the International Social Survey (ISSP). Analysis of reproductive behavior in those countries was included as well. It was found out, that changes in value orientation in the post-communistic countries couldn't have been the only determinant of changes in reproductive behavior. Moreover, the value change has been still taking place even in the countries where the second demographic transition started three or four decades ago. The European-wide mechanism of the differentiation in value orientations has been identified. The holders of liberal...
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