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Use of spectroscopic methods in colorectal cancer detection.
Miškovičová, Michaela ; Petruželka, Luboš (advisor) ; Soumarová, Renata (referee) ; Kiss, Igor (referee)
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers and a global health problem. Approximately 8,000 new cases are diagnosed annually in the Czech Republic and about half of them die from this malignancy, with 20 % patients being under 60 years of age. It is still true that the greatest hope for successful treatment and management of the disease is given to patients by early diagnosis of cancer. There is still a remarkably high proportion of detection of colorectal cancer in the advanced stage, which is mainly due to the absence of reliable and sensitive clinical methods. The still unfavorable epidemiological situation is a clear challenge to further strengthen all activities aimed at active prevention and early diagnosis. Colorectal cancer is the best preventable disease of the gastrointestinal tract, it lasts for several years, when an invasive lesion gradually develops through a precursor lesion. This offers a sufficiently long diagnostic window, Therefore, attention is currently being focused to find affordable, sensitive and minimally invasive techniques that can provide early, simple, rapid, inexpensive and reliable diagnosis of this disease and could thus support or replace conventional diagnostic methods in the future. In our work, we focused on the use of completely new diagnostic...
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The role of WT1 gene and other molecular biological abnormalities in testicular germ cell tumors
Bakardjieva - Mihaylova, Violeta ; Boublíková, Ludmila (advisor) ; Chovanec, Michal (referee) ; Kiss, Igor (referee)
Testicular germinal tumors (TGCT) are relatively rare solid tumors in adults. Even so, they affect more than 700 men a year in the Czech Republic, mostly young patients aged 18- 45 years. A large number of patients are curable by a combination of surgery and chemotherapy, yet about 50 men a year in the Czech Republic succumb to this tumor, in the vast majority of cases due to the development of resistance to chemotherapy containing cisplatin. The rare occurrence and high curability are probably the cause of infrequent molecular and clinical studies carried out in these tumors, and our understanding of the biological processes leading to primary tumor development and the development of cisplatin resistance (CDDP) is still limited. At present, no specific molecular markers that could be used as prognostic or predictive factors and improve patient stratification or treatment tailoring are available in TGCT management. In this work, we studied the molecular-genetic background of TGCT development and CDDP resistance at several levels. To comprehensively study the development of cisplatin resistance, we prepared and analyzed CDDP-exposed TGCT cell lines. Long-term exposure to CDDP increased resistance 10-fold in the NCCIT cell line, while no significant resistance was achieved with Tera-2. The...
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The Problem of Salvation of Non-Christians.
Říčan, Marek ; Štefan, Jan (advisor) ; Hošek, Pavel (referee) ; Kišš, Igor (referee)
ANOTATION This work deals with the controversial issue of the salvation of non-Christians. Its purpose is to search for a solution while probing various positions that have been argued. The salvation of non-Christians has been an issue in the history of theology from its rudiments until present times. Firstly we will present it in the context of postmodern thought as it reverberates in the life and theology of the churches as well as through the prism of our subject. We will track the meaning of the individual components of our subject in Scripture and in the theological tradition. Afterwards we will expound what Scripture says concerning the salvation of non-Christians in so far as it offers a solution. Then several chapters follow describing various other solutions of this issue that have been offered. At first will we adumbrate the issue in historical perspective. Then we will turn to its interpretation by selected theologians of the 20th century. Next comes an analysis of fundamental directions in the present conversation: exclusivism, inclusivism, and pluralism. The last major section points to some theological areas in which the solution of our subject was or is being searched for. In conclusion I will attempt to present my own solution, though a partial one, inclusivistic in its direction.
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The role of WT1 gene and other molecular biological abnormalities in testicular germ cell tumors
Bakardjieva - Mihaylova, Violeta ; Boublíková, Ludmila (advisor) ; Chovanec, Michal (referee) ; Kiss, Igor (referee)
Testicular germinal tumors (TGCT) are relatively rare solid tumors in adults. Even so, they affect more than 700 men a year in the Czech Republic, mostly young patients aged 18- 45 years. A large number of patients are curable by a combination of surgery and chemotherapy, yet about 50 men a year in the Czech Republic succumb to this tumor, in the vast majority of cases due to the development of resistance to chemotherapy containing cisplatin. The rare occurrence and high curability are probably the cause of infrequent molecular and clinical studies carried out in these tumors, and our understanding of the biological processes leading to primary tumor development and the development of cisplatin resistance (CDDP) is still limited. At present, no specific molecular markers that could be used as prognostic or predictive factors and improve patient stratification or treatment tailoring are available in TGCT management. In this work, we studied the molecular-genetic background of TGCT development and CDDP resistance at several levels. To comprehensively study the development of cisplatin resistance, we prepared and analyzed CDDP-exposed TGCT cell lines. Long-term exposure to CDDP increased resistance 10-fold in the NCCIT cell line, while no significant resistance was achieved with Tera-2. The...
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Biological Characteristics of Colon Cancer Cells in In Vitro Models and its Use for Individualization of Therapy
John, Stanislav ; Rudolf, Emil (advisor) ; Ćwiertka, Karel (referee) ; Kiss, Igor (referee)
Malignant tumours are the second most common cause of death worldwide right behind the cardiovascular diseases. This tendency is by the opinion of the World Health Organisation increasing especially in well developed countries. (Ferlay 2012) Because cancer has become in 20th century serious social and economic problem, research on it is for WHO and IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) the top priority. (Mendis 2014) Relative and absolute incidence is also rising. The reason, besides others, is aging of population. Because age is one of the main prognostic factors for cancer, people are more likely to "survive" till the onset of it. However, diagnostic options are improved and many tumours are detected in early stage which in turn boosts the ability and effectiveness of treatment. Screening programmes are introduced into routine medical practice (e.g. mammography, prostate-specific antigene, occult blood testing or colonoscopy) inducing awareness in the general population. (Dušek et al. 2005; Mendis 2014) Last but not least, the treatment itself has developed considerably over the last 15 to 20 years, with the focus on patient "tailor-made" therapy. It includes new mini-invasive or robot-assisted surgical techniques, new radiation techniques (IG-IMRT - Image-Guided Intensity-Modulated...
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Monitoring of Serum Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Interferon Alfa - 2B and Matrixmetalopreinasis 8 and their Prognostic Value for Patients with Malignant Melanoma Undergoing Ajuvant Treatment with High Dose Interferon
Prošvicová, Jarmila ; Filip, Stanislav (advisor) ; Krajsová, Ivana (referee) ; Kiss, Igor (referee)
Background Incidence of malignant melanoma (MM) is rising worldwide. This tumour is immunogenic and angiogenic. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interferons and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are natural agents with important role both in immunosuppression/stimulation, and angiogenesis. Interestingly, evidence is currently emerging that activation of angiogenesis leads to immunosuppression both at the local and systemic levels. These are very complex and interconnected processes. Mortality of MM is high and depends very much on early detection. Plateau phase on mortality curves we've seen recently in developed countries thanks to early diagnosis, public awareness of skin pigment lesions, emphasis on primary and secondary prevention, and also thanks to new potent drugs. Cornerstone of treatment in MM is surgery, if the tumour is diagnosed early. We can find surgery sufficient and safe only if the tumour hasn't reached angiogenic switch and vertical growing yet. We cannot exclude trend to create metastasis in tumours with Breslow more than 1mm. The same we can say about ulcerated tumours or nodal metastasis. Patients after surgery for MM stage IIB, IIC and III according to AJCC are thought to be high risk. Their risk of recurrence and death is 35-40%. Loco-regional recurrence after...
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The Problem of Salvation of Non-Christians.
Říčan, Marek ; Štefan, Jan (advisor) ; Hošek, Pavel (referee) ; Kišš, Igor (referee)
ANOTATION This work deals with the controversial issue of the salvation of non-Christians. Its purpose is to search for a solution while probing various positions that have been argued. The salvation of non-Christians has been an issue in the history of theology from its rudiments until present times. Firstly we will present it in the context of postmodern thought as it reverberates in the life and theology of the churches as well as through the prism of our subject. We will track the meaning of the individual components of our subject in Scripture and in the theological tradition. Afterwards we will expound what Scripture says concerning the salvation of non-Christians in so far as it offers a solution. Then several chapters follow describing various other solutions of this issue that have been offered. At first will we adumbrate the issue in historical perspective. Then we will turn to its interpretation by selected theologians of the 20th century. Next comes an analysis of fundamental directions in the present conversation: exclusivism, inclusivism, and pluralism. The last major section points to some theological areas in which the solution of our subject was or is being searched for. In conclusion I will attempt to present my own solution, though a partial one, inclusivistic in its direction.
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