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Problem of sepsis in the intensive care unit
Škrabánková, Hana ; Marková, Eva (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to determine the microbial colonization at the injection site of central venous catheter and its possible influence to maintain the lowest incidence of catheter sepsis. The culture results of skin swabs and taken blood cultures from two groups of patients were compared with each other using qualitative analysis methods. Those were Intensive Care Unit patients with established central venous catheter. The result was the discovery of microbial colonization of the skin and the representation of different pathogenic strains at the site of a central venous catheter for both established groups. Further showed that the higher the risk of microbial colonization with symptoms of catheter sepsis was seen where patients have central venous catheter established for longer period of time and have been treated under home parental nutrition program with stoma. The recommendation is the continuous education of health professionals to act in accordance with the latest preventive treatment recommendations, and the emphasis is mainly placed on hands cleaning and disinfecting as the hands of health professionals are one of the most common and risky way of transmission of pathogenic strains with potential nosocomial infection formation. Aseptic principles must be repeatedly communicated to all...
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The needs of the ICU patient after myocardial infarction requiring V-A ECMO support
Procházková, Tereza ; Konopásková, Marie (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
The incidence of acute myocardial infarction is still high. One of the methods of reperfusion therapy is the cardiac surgery by coronary artery bypass graft, which may be postoperatively complicated by the development of postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock with the urgency of the venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO). The quality of very specialized and complex care for these long-term hospitalized patients depends on understanding their needs and ways of saturation. The aim of this study is to present these needs from the perspective of the patient and their family. Research questions ain to identify the main aspect of recovery, the factors negatively affecting the mental state of patients, the ways to help them by healthcare professionals and family, how can healthcare professionals help the family and how this experience has affected both the family and the patient. The research is carried out using a qualitative method of semistructured interview with six respondents with this type of anamnesis, who were hospitalized between 2015 and 2021 in the ICU of cardiac surgery department, and three of their relatives. According to the study's findings the main aspect of recovery is the patient's mental well-being. The dependence on help of others, muscle weakness and loss of intimacy...
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Pre-hospital phase of acute myocardial infarction from the patient's perspective
Pokorná, Petra ; Hocková, Jana (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) represents severe complication of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Despite therapeutic advances and better risk factor control, acute myocardial infarction remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Goal of this thesis was to interview a group of patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction and evaluate their knowledge of disease course, perception of disease representing a sudden change of health status, awareness of disease symptoms and motivation for future lifestyle changes. Quantitative research with inductive approach was chosen for our research. Data was collected using individualized non-standardized semi-structured interview. Seven selected patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation were entered into our analysis. All the patients were informed in advance about our research methods and ethical aspects. All the participants had insufficient awareness of AMI symptoms. However, intensity of disease symptoms was severe, so they contacted health system early. Majority of them called emergency service. Level of education had significant impact on patient behavior. Patients with university degree had the best awareness of disease symptoms and shortest times from symptom onset to medical system contact. They were...
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Quality of life in relation to the type of implantable defibrillation divice (ICD and S-ICD)
Gabrišková, Markéta ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kulhavá, Miluše (referee)
In recent years, clinical studies have shown that the most effective method of treatment to reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death in patients at increased risk of malignant arrhythmias is to provide the patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Complications associated with the transvenous implanted system, especially lead disorders and systemic infections, and have led to the development of a so-called subcutaneous defibrillator, which is thought to minimize these complications. Despite the medical benefits of implantable defibrillator treatment, which is generally well accepted by patients, anxiety, depression, and deterioration in their quality of life have been reported in clinical trials examining patients' psychopathology and quality of life after defibrillator implantation. Methodology: The objective of the diploma thesis was to find out which group of patients better assesses the quality of life depending on the type of implanted defibrillation device (ICD and S-ICD). For the purposes of the survey, the method of quantitative research was chosen in the form of its own questionnaire survey. The questionnaire contained a total of seventeen questions in which patients evaluated quality of life in five areas. Patients who met the following criteria were included in...
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Coaching - a new theme of the nursing practice in the intensive care
Körnerová, Monika ; Vaňková, Milena (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
The coaching is currently and dynamically developing access and newly emerging qualifications, and it is especially in the field of management and professional leadership of staff in the field of management. It is usable as the method of the support of proffesional growth and develop of staff in the various type of the contexts. The coaching is widely used in today's time, no only in personal life, but in proffesional life too. The coaching style is very often aplicated to the nursing practise in abroad, however in czech nursing it's completely new problem. In theoretic part of my thesis it's aimed for the basic characteristic of the coaching and its priciples. I pursue the problematic of the coaching and its possibilities of application, especially in field of conversional process at the graduates at the department of the intensive care. For chosen qualitative research it was selected the method of collecting data with no standard polostructured interview. The tested part has in total 6 persons. The aimed researched group were nurses, leaders, work at various departmens of the intensive care. They are active in adaptation process. The aimed information were analysed and separated to each codes which they were carefully separate to the categories. The quality and possibilities to obtain information...
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Motivation of patients to change their lifestyle after colorectal cancer surgery
Burgerová, Petra ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
Introduction to the issue: Colorectal cancer is Europe's second most common malignant disease. Among the influential risk factors of colorectal cancer are the intake of high energy foods, animal fats, lack of fiber, excessive alcohol consumption, nicotinism, lack of physical activity, and obesity. Research methodology: Empirical research was carried out using qualitative research. The purposefully selected research sample consisted of fifteen informants after colorectal cancer surgery. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews. The data were processed by the method of thematic analysis. The aim of the diploma thesis: The aim of the diploma thesis was to reveal the life habits of informants after colorectal cancer surgery, discover how the diagnosis of colorectal cancer has changed the way they look at their lifestyle, finding motivation and overcome the barriers to a lifestyle change. The outcomes: Despite the illness and knowledge of risk factors, the informants were rather satisfied with their current lifestyle and did not plan to change it. A healthy lifestyle was considered financially unaffordable. When deciding on a change, the informants were prevented from having a social aspect, the absence of friends who would share a sports activity with them. Environmental and...
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The acquisition,development and comparing of the emergency in Czech republic
Hluchá, Lenka ; Šeblová, Jana (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee) ; Chvojková, Kateřina (referee)
Introduction to the issue and the importance of the topic: Emergency Department (ED) is a new type of the health care service and these departments are organized in a different way in the Czech Republic so far. However, ED is an integral part of the acute care system, and the Emergency Deaprtment is capable to ensure the continuity of care between the field and the hospital despite of the increasing atomization of medical disciplines. In recent years, it is a model that is able to deal with all acute conditions of all severity, 24 hours a day, with an adequate level of safety for patients, because they can be briefly observed at the observation unit of the ED. Goal of the thesis and methodology: The main goal of the diploma thesis is a comprehensive analysis of the existing Emergency Departments in the Czech Republic. The first partial goal was to find out the disposition and organization of Emergency Departments in details, how many acute beds for emergency care are available and how is the work regime organized. The second partial goal was to find out staffing of the Emergency Departments. Whether a specialised emergency physician is continually present and whether there ais enough qualified non-medical medical staff. The third partial goal was the intention to find out how are Emergency...
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Exposure to toxic concentrations of oxygen in ICU patients
Petránková, Eliška ; Bakalář, Bohumil (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
Oxygen supplementation has been an important part of respiratory failure treatment in all fields of clinical medicine, especially on intensive care units (hereinafter referred to as ICU). Oxygen therapy is a life-saving measure but indiscriminate administration of oxygen can cause lung and nerve damage and consequently increase morbidity and mortality (1). In clinical practice we often encounter mechanically ventilated patients with high partial pressures of oxygen in arterial blood (5) which should direct our attention to possible consequences and have reliable data how is oxygen treatment managed. This thesis focuses on the exposure to toxic concentrations of oxygen on the resuscitation ward. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether patients are exposed to high concentrations of oxygen. Two other aims of this study are to find out how long are patients in a state of hyperoxemia and whether medical staff reacts to measured partial pressures of oxygen (hereinafter referred to as paO2) values in these patients by reducing oxygen fraction (hereinafter referred to as FiO2) on the ventilator. The research part of this thesis is a quantitative observational retrospective research. The inclusion criteria were hospital admission from 1st July to 1st October 2019, at least two paO2 values greater...
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History of medical emergency services in the Czech Republic
Závadová, Irena ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
The work focuses on a historical development of the institute of emergency services as coordinated activities, including development of the personnel and materially-technical provision, legal anchoring and development of field prestige, including the latter-day prestige, with a focus on the territory of the Czech Republic. Therefore, the aim was therefore to map out each period in terms of providing coordinated emergency activities, describe their legal definition in time and record the personnel and materially-technical equipment. Qualitative research investigation using historical analysis together with a study of historical sources, including quantitative survey research for objectification of the data obtained from a questionnaire survey, mapping public opinion not only to the prestige of the field itself, but also through questions corresponding with this area was used for identification of the aforementioned objectives. The work shows a summary of events set in a historical framework, leading to foundation of the first emergency and rescue service facilities, including their further development. From this point of view, it presents not only the individual periods, but also the providers of these activities. It presents development of the legal definition of emergency services as well as...
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Education of patients with lymphoma
Marková, Naďa ; Kordulová, Pavla (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
(v AJ) I chose the education of a patient with lymphoma as the topic for my bachelor thesis. I consider this topic very actual because the occurence of lymphoma is increasing (In: Linkos,2019). Lymphomas are referred as lymphocyte-derived tumors. I deal with the problem of lymphomas in the theoretical part. I mainly focus at diagnostic and treatment. I had started to prepare this bachelor thesis after the background research in the National Medical Library. I also drew the information from databases: BMČ, PubMed, EBSCOhost a Medline. I also used treatment recommendations - Cooperative Lymphoma Groups. Methology: I chose a case study of a patient with B-cell lymphoma from large cells, diffuse. I used the model of Marjora Gordon's - functional health model. A specific case is used for defining the treatment procedures, nursing standards, potentional risks and the prevention, education is also included. Objective: Focus on a nursing care - pacient with B-cell lymphoma diagnose, large cells, diffuse, who undergone chemotherapy. Results: Keeping nursing procedures and creation of educational material for patients. Conclusion: There are new methods of chemotherapy and new studies. A current study in Lymphoma: CITADEL 203, CITADEL 205, PCYC 1143 - SYMPATICO, ACELY - 308, PCYC 1141, BGB3311 - 212, IELSG37...
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