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Influence of nutrition on the production, quality of production and health of high yields dairy cows
Martinková, Lucie ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Kodeš, Alois (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is a summary of findings about an influence of production, production quality and health of high yeldsdairy cows.
The work is systematically divided into four blocks. The first one talks about gastrointestinal system of ruminants following by mechanism and physiology of digestion.
The cows are grazing, ruminate animals. The rumination makes the cattles unique among of others animals. Because of the fermentation process in the cows stomach it is possible for a cow to change a low quality of nutrition in the provender for high nutrition food like milk and meat.
The dairycows gastrointestinal tract can be easily injured by incorrect functions, this can cost big production and health risk.
Next part is focused on problems of dairy gland. It describes its lay out, dairy production and dairys structure. Milk and dairy products belong to basic nutrition value. Therefore is a correct production of dairies a key factor for cattle production.
Third part of this work is about cattles pasture and their nutrition. Firstly is this part about influence and proportion of nutrients in their feeding ration for health of cattle. It also talks about quantity and quality of production. The thesis analyses energy and nitrogen matters which are necessary for dairycows and an important set up of nutrient in pasture.
The conclusion of this thesis is the most important part. There is a list of negative aspects. Those are developed by causing an incorrect nutrition of high valued dairycows. Mostly we talk about a health condition, quantity and structure of milk. It also describes breakdowns for generation of dairy elements. The main part takes attention of productive diseases like alkalosis, acidosis and ketosis. Because of this, we are able to prevent any diseases, which cost big production and economics loss.
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Nutrition of foals and young horses up to two years.
Morávek, Filip ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Kodeš, Alois (referee)
The foal and young horse nutrition playing basic role during growing and development period. Nutrient composition in feeds is very important factor, which affects growing.
Nutrients, which are basically for correct growing young foals named proteins. The main focus of quality protein is amino acids composition. The first limiting amino acid for foal is lysine. The second one is threonine. The feeding rations which has support faster growing, has to be calculated way, than will include enough lysine and threonine. That fact will working only, if the limiting factor will not be energy.
Very important factor is playing sugars and fats, which are mainly the energy sources. For young foal is colostrum and milk important energetic source.
In case, when organism is over load by high quality protein (amino acids) and energy, has to be fed very carefully to avoid growing and developmental orthopedic disease (physitis, osteochondrosis, subchondral cysts, angular and flexural deformities).
For optima growth young horse are composition of minerals and vitamins. The major macro-elements are calcium and phosphorus. The optimal balance between these basic macro-elements are very important.
During proliferation of gastrointestinal foal tract is running growth of microbial population in large intestine. This population are responsible for fermentation of fibre. During this process arise volatile fatty acids, which are playing the major role of energy needs of foal.
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Selected factors reduction of diabetes mellitus depending on the nutrition
Křížová, Radka ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Adéla, Adéla (referee)
This thesis mainly deals with the description and interpretation of individual sections of diabetic diet. There are listed consequences when patient don´t care his disease. The thesis contains theory about the diabetic diet and practical analyzing the importance of adhering to proper diet by diabetic patients.
Initially the thesis focuses on the general classification of the disease, which is mainly the distinction between diabetes first and second type following are described in other types of diseases such as so-called secondary diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus.
The following chapter is concerned with the correct nutrition for diabetes and describes the basic components of the diet and their appropriate inclusion in the diet of the patient. Diploma thesis build on the bachelor thesis about the same topic, so there are not various basic components of a diabetic diet completely described in detail. More emphasis was put on a more detailed description of the functions of individual vitamins in connection with diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the work was focused on dietary supplements that could affect the course of disease.
The next chapter deals with obesity and metabolic syndrome. It is generally known that overweight with diabetes mellitus are closely associated. There are basic risks of the disease and limit values for its emergence.
The practical part is focused on adherence to diabetic diet connection with the reduction, a steady state of diabetes. The diploma thesis was focused on healthy lifestyle of patients who want to keep their disease under control. Results of 50 patients came from a specific diabetes clinic in Kralupy n./Vlt.. It was a roughly six-month interval measurement. The result are the values at the beginning and the end of the measurement. It was evaluated glycated hemoglobin, which saw improvement 14,1 % for men and 12,1 % for women. Furthermore, it was evaluated by weight loss. On average, the weight decreased by 2.56 kg for the entire measured sample. The last measured factor was blood pressure in which can not be significant progress because of such a small number of patients. Specifically, it was measured, systolic blood pressure decreased slightly for women and men. Diastolic pressure drops only to women, men, on the contrary increased.
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Influence of phenylketonuria on osteopenia
Tůmová, Linda ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Adéla, Adéla (referee)
The Masters thesis deals with The influence of external factors on bone loss in patients with phenylketonuria. The phenylketonuria is relatively rare disease, but it is one of the most common inherited metabolic diseases, with the incidence of 1:10000 newborns in Europe. It is an autosomal recessive disease, caused by the deficiency or low activity of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase in liver. This enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of phenylalanine to tyrosine in the presence of cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin. Mutations in the gene for this enzyme (previously described more than 800 mutations) or in the gene for the cofactor (2% of cases) results when received normal diet, a large amount of unprocessed phenylalanine can accumulate in the blood and other bodily fluids while the levels of tyrosine and its metabolites are low. This situation leads to severe mental retardation, eczema, microcephaly, growth retardation, physical disability, psychiatric problems, etc. Due to the fact that mental retardation is usually irreversible, testing and early diagnosis is crucial when it comes to this disease. Because of the severity of the disease, a mandatory screening test for newborns was implemented in the Czech Republic in 1975, followed by a treatment diet, that consists of a strict restriction of protein and supplementation of amino acid preparations without phenylalanin. One of the chronic problems connected to this illness are decreased bone density in children and adults with PKU. Although the underlying cause of osteopenia in phenylketonuria has not yet been elucidated, it is a consequence of several factors.
Using the questionnaire, my data was evaluated for the incidence of bone loss in patients with PKU. As my research shows, the incidence of osteoporosis in patients with PKU is higher than the normal population. In 41,3 % of PKU patients were diagnosed osteopenia and osteoporosis in 2,2 %. In the normal population, 99 % of respondents have a normal BMD, while 1 % were diagnosed the osteoporosis. Furthermore, comparing the data with the normal and PKU populations, it has not been confirmed by external influences such as BMI, drinking coffee and cola drinks, and physical activity for example, in regards to bone loss. Conversely showed, that phenylketonuriacs consume cola drinks more than the normal population, most likely due to the factor of gaining quick energy.
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Nutrition of top bodybuilders
Knobová, Kateřina ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Kodeš, Alois (referee)
This bachelor thesis outlines nutritional guidelines for top bodybuilders, including the bulk phase, drawing preparation and recovery period.
Bodybuilding consists of a number of mutually related and interdependent parts (training, recovery, nutrition, lifestyle, dietary regimen etc.) and neglecting one single of them may have a significant impact on final achievements.
Nutrition is one of the principal issues in bodybuilding.
The thesis describes the key nutritional attributes for the first year of the recommended diet, starting with the basic nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and fats), supplementary components such as vitamins, minerals and dietary supplements, and including a list of recommended foods.
The thesis shows that top bodybuilders´ diet is very specific, although, interestingly enough, consisting largely of regular food items that are suitable for any humans. The most important attributes of the diet are quality and content of nutrients, as well as their amount and rate of absorption. The timing of the diet intake, drinking schedule, the use of selected supplements are also relevant. The thesis provides an overview of key supplements like vitamins and minerals, protein and carbohydrate concentrates, anabolic boosters and NO supplements, joint nutrition, BCAA (Branched Chain Amino Acids), fat burners, arginine, creatine, glutamine etc.
One of the unique attributes of bodybuilders' lifestyle and diet can be seen in alternating between phases of intensive training and regeneration, which is driven by their sheer will and dedication.
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Childhood overweight and obesity at primary school age
Houserová, Johana ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Adéla, Adéla (referee)
Childhood overweight and obesity is a present issue not only in the Czech Republic, but worldwide. The main objective of this thesis was to assess overweight and obesity
in children of primary school age in towns and in villages in the Central Bohemian Region and to focus on their alimentation habits and physical activity.
The thesis consists of two parts. The first theoretical part describes the characteristics of primary school age, introduction to the topic, epidemiology, causes of the origin, types
of obesity, diagnostics, problems of obese children, nutrition of children and adolescents and their alimentation habits, prevention, medical treatment, specific programs for the prevention and treatment of childhood overweight and obesity and an overview of the myths about childhood obesity. The second practical part of the thesis includes questionnaire study implemented within the 4th grade of chosen urban and non-urban schools in the Central Bohemian Region and semi-structured interview with mother of a child suffering from overweight since early age.
The survey included 155 pupils of the 4th grade from two urban and five non-urban schools of the Central Bohemian Region. The results of the questionnaire study proved that 23 % of urban and 20 % of non-urban pupils suffer from overweight and obesity.
An important factor is their different lifestyle. Non-urban children spend their leisure time
in a passive way, they prefer playing PC games to physical activities, attend less extra sport classes and consume more sweets than urban children. More urban pupils consume three
to four meals on a daily basis in contrast with non-urban pupils who tend to consume five to six portions. Most prefer healthy food to unhealthy food and tend to eat mainly czech dishes at home. 90% of the questioned children expressed positive attitude to sport. More than half of the children suffering from overweight and obesity do not practice any sport or physical activities sufficiently. Due to the importance of regular alimentation and consumption of breakfast and snacks, it is a positive finding that three quarters of the children have breakfast regularly and bring home-made snacks to school. The semi-structured interview with mother of an overweight child proved that overweight is not caused by overeating and by a passive lifestyle but also by genetic predisposition.
In the conclusion, the author presents the outcome of the work and a general primary prevention at family level, school level and community level.
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Nutrition of athletes with a focus on fitness
Hájková, Eva ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Hroncová, Zuzana (referee)
Nutrition is an important part of everyone's life. The way we eat affects our health and overall physical and mental condition. If we take a balanced and varied diet is a proven link with disease prevention. My thesis deals with nutrition of athletes who are dedicated to fitness. In sports in general, there is a nutritionist great emphasis mainly in terms of the of sports performance. The fitness is no different. Consuming the right foods at the right time can increase our performance, adjust our weight and overall strengthen our health. It is logical that the body of an athlete sets a higher power demand, the amount of nutrients and fluids. It is therefore very important that every athlete had their diet that fits his physical activity. Fitness activities are divided into the power part and the endurance part too. Along with a special diet the athlete can adjust his body, lose the body fat and make better condition. Most fitness athletes wants to acquire and retain muscle mass even during strenuous exercise and reduce body fat to the minimum possible. Without a modified diet and training, they would never reached their dream goal. If the athlete is not able to supply the body with sufficient nutrients from food, it is recommended to enrich your diet with supplements. Before an athlete begins taking a dietary supplement, one should find out what is he really missing, then carefully choose one that will be most suitable for his body. Some supplements help athletes not to lose muscle mass by training, other cause faster regeneration after training.
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Nutrition of racehorses during the year
Hrstková, Lucie ; Hučko, Boris (advisor)
The ensuing bachelor thesis analyzes the nutritional of racehorses during the training process from pre through the main to the transitional period. The aim of this work is to refresh and expand information on nutrition and feeding techniques of these horses. The work is divided into three parts. The first part is the characterization of the digestive tract of horses, the second part deals with feed and their inclusion in feed rations, the third part focuses on the composition of the diet and the principles of correct feeding racehorses.
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Protein in the diet of athletes
Zemanová, Kristýna ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Kodeš, Alois (referee)
Protein plays an important role in an athlete's regeneration, recovery and muscle growth. Unlike fat and carbohydrates, proteins are irreplaceable in our diet. The muscle tissue is composed primarily of proteins, so most athletes believe that higher protein intake will result in faster muscle growth. However, an excessive amount of protein is linked to fatigue, higher strain on kidneys and liver, loss of large amounts of water and potassium ions. Furthermore, high level of protein intake causes excretion of certain vitamins and minerals (e. g. calcium, zinc, B vitamins).
The human body is unable to effectively process more then 2 to 2.5 g of protein per kilogram of body weight. Recommended daily protein dietary allowance is 0.8 to 1.2 g/kg for a sedentary person, 1.2 to 2 g/kg for athletes, approximately 1.2 to 1.4 g/kg for endurance athletes, and for heavy resistance training athletes increased protein intake of 1.6 to 1.7 g/kg is recommended.
Meat and dairy products contain complete proteins that have an ideal ratio of essential amino acids well suited for human dietary needs. In contrast, proteins derived from plant food contain only incomplete proteins. One must combine multiple plant sources to achieve sufficient amounts of all essential amino acids.
There is no need for protein supplements as long as we eat a well-balanced diet. Most athletes, however, use whey proteins to boost regeneration and muscle growth. It is particularly valued for its easy digestibility. Therefore, it is recommended to be taken right after training (at doses of 0.3 g/kg body weight) when the digestive tract is not capable of processing complex food. Increased levels of amino acids in blood soon after consumption are required for effective muscle protein synthesis.
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The influence of diet on dental caries
Šrejmová, Eva ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Zdeněk, Zdeněk (referee)
The main objective of my work was to draw attention to nutritional aspects in the formation of cavities. The thesis focuses on foods that have a proven or potential impact on tooth decay, especially saccharides.
The target group consisted of 100 patients registered at the same dental office. All participants filled out a simple questionnaire that included 19 questions on not only their eating habits, but also their oral hygiene. All respondents were assigned a KPE index value, which quantifies tooth decay, according to their health records. All data was processed, compared and analyzed in Microsoft Excel, 2007.
The results show that respondents who consume sweets one time and more per day show higher tooth decay (KPE 16.58) than those who consume sweets less than one time per day (KPE 9.41). A similar situation exists for the consumption of soft drinks, where drinking at least one per day is associated with a significantly higher average of KPE (16.30) than in people who indulge less in sweetened beverages (KPE 12.87). Respondents who did not sweeten their coffee, tea or other beverages and foods are much less affected by cavities (KPE 11.07) than those who sweeten them only sometimes or all the time (KPE 16.27). A major link between consuming fruits and fruit drinks and the formation of carious lesions was not detected.
The data points to a connection between the intake of simple saccharides and higher tooth decay. Also demonstrable was the connection between a healthy lifestyle (frequent consumption of vegetables, eating fast food sporadically, the absence of sugary drinks and sweets) and lower incidence of cavities. A significant role is likewise played by socioeconomic factors (such as education) and, of course, the emphasis on preventing dental problems, meaning regular dental checkups, the proper technique for cleaning teeth, and good choice of dental aids.
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