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Democratic State Governed by Law: Ideal and Reality
Hruška, Petr ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
The diploma thesis deals mainly with four topics - the rule of law, democracy, the democratic state governed by the rule of law and its real form in the Czech Republic during the global pandemic of COVID-19. The development of the rule of law, democracy and the democratic state governed by the rule of law continues and is influenced by the challenges that arise over time. The original formal conception of the rule of law was focused primarily on the observance of the rule of law, while the material conception already takes into account certain value aspects and fundamental human rights. Today's form of democracy differs significantly from its original ancient Greek definition. It was originally intended to be applied to small homogeneous units in which individuals would participate in voting on all important matters. Over time, however, it began to apply to large nation states, which required the adoption of the institute of council. A democratic state governed by the rule of law is a concept based on the dynamic balancing of the components between which a certain tension may arise. Its ideal is fulfilled by a situation where its individual aspects are continually improved in the most balanced way possible. All these the above-mentioned institutes have been affected by the global pandemic of...
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Investigation of defects in thin metallic films
Hruška, Petr ; Čížek, Jakub (advisor)
In the present work Mg films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering were studied. Variable energy positron annihilation spectroscopy (VEPAS) was employed for investigation of defects in the Mg films. VEPAS characterization was combined with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction in order to determine grain size, phase composition and texture. The effect of different deposition rate and deposition temperature, annealing, various substrates and film thickness on the structure and amount of defects present in the Mg films was examined. Defect studies by VEPAS showed that positrons in studied Mg films are trapped at misfit dislocations and at vacancy-like defects in grain boundaries and their density can be reduced by the deposition at elevated temperature. 1
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Study of hydrogen interaction with defects in thin metallic films
Hruška, Petr ; Čížek, Jakub (advisor) ; Krsjak, Vladimír (referee) ; Mathis, Kristián (referee)
Thin metallic films are particularly interesting as potential hydrogen storage materials as well as hydrogen sensitive optical sensors. Thin films with various microstructure from nanocrystalline to epitaxial can be relatively easily prepared by varying the deposition parameters. Deposition of multi-layers enables preparation of thin films with arbitrary composition. Defects structure plays a key role in hydrogen absorption. Hydrogen atoms segregated at open volume defects reduce their formation energy leading to enhan- ced concentration of hydrogen-induced defects in the material. Moreover hydrogen diffusion along dislocations and grain boundaries facilitates hydrogen absorption in the metal lattice. Thin films clamped to the stiff substrate undergo anisotropic volume expansion during the hydrogen loading. As a consequence high stresses are induced in the film and can result in detachment of the film from the substrate. In this work hydrogen absorption in Gd and Pd films and Pd-Mg multi-layers was studied. Development of the defect structure of hydrogen-loaded films was investigated by means of variable energy positron annihilation spectroscopy com- bined with X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and optical transmittance measurement. Complementary studies of interaction of hydrogen with defects in...
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Místo úvodu - projev nad hrobem Petra Bezruče 15. září 2017
Hruška, Petr
Text se vztahuje ke 150. výročí narození básníka Petra Bezruče. Pojednává o mimořádné hodnotě básnické sbírky Slezské písně a o typické reakci českého kulturního prostředí, které má tendenci zabývat se spíše atraktivitou básníkova životního osudu než jeho vlastním literárním dílem.
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Investigation of defects in thin metallic films
Hruška, Petr ; Čížek, Jakub (advisor)
In the present work Mg films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering were studied. Variable energy positron annihilation spectroscopy (VEPAS) was employed for investigation of defects in the Mg films. VEPAS characterization was combined with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction in order to determine grain size, phase composition and texture. The effect of different deposition rate and deposition temperature, annealing, various substrates and film thickness on the structure and amount of defects present in the Mg films was examined. Defect studies by VEPAS showed that positrons in studied Mg films are trapped at misfit dislocations and at vacancy-like defects in grain boundaries and their density can be reduced by the deposition at elevated temperature. 1
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Studium defektů v tenkých kovových vrstvách
Hruška, Petr ; Čížek, Jakub (advisor) ; Bulíř, Jiří (referee)
In the present work Mg films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering were studied. Variable energy positron annihilation spectroscopy (VEPAS) was employed for investigation of defects in the Mg films. VEPAS characterization was combined with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction in order to determine grain size, phase composition and texture. The effect of different deposition rate and deposition temperature, annealing, various substrates and film thickness on the structure and amount of defects present in the Mg films was examined. Defect studies by VEPAS showed that positrons in studied Mg films are trapped at misfit dislocations and at vacancy-like defects in grain boundaries and their density can be reduced by the deposition at elevated temperature. 1
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Influencing the early phase of ischemic injury of rat myocardium selected flavonoids
Hruška, Petr ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Petr Hruška Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Vladimír Semecký, CSc. Title of thesis: Influencing the early phase of ischemic injury of rat myocardium selected flavonoids Flavonoids are integral constituent of plants, to which are attributed many health beneficial biological activities. In this work we have studied possible cardioprotective effects of their two representatives, quercetin and rutin. The aim of this experiment was to record the effect of quercetin and rutin on influence of possible pathological changes of building components of myocardium. The substances were given to the rats for 7 days p.o. through intragastric tube. The model heart injury of a laboratory rat (adult male Wistar) was induced by one-time administration of isoprenaline (ISO) in both cases of studied substances. The changes caused by ISO have been observed for 24 hours. ISO hasn't been applied to the control groups in either of the experiments. The control group in the experiment with rutin was given sodium bicarbonate instead of rutin. In the groups that weren't pretreated with either quercetin or rutin, there was found similar histological picture after ISO administration. Compared to the control...
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Positron annihilation study of precipitation effects in Mg-Tb alloy
Hruška, Petr ; Čížek, Jakub (advisor) ; Vlach, Martin (referee)
Magnesium alloys are currently widely used in industry as a modern material. Magnesium based alloys with rare earth elements shows very promising mechanical properties. In the present work the precipitation effects and the deve- lopment of microstructure of the Mg13Tb alloy (containing 13 wt.% of terbium) during isochronal annealing were studied by positron annihilation spectroscopy, microhardness measurement and differential scanning calorimetry. According to the results the creation of the precipitates β′′ , β′ and β in the studied alloy was observed and activation energies of these precipitates were determined by the Kissinger method. By microhardness measurement the natural ageing at room temperature of the Mg13Tb alloy was observed and described. 1
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Regular and chaotic collective motions of atomic nuclei
Hruška, Petr ; Cejnar, Pavel (advisor) ; Knapp, František (referee)
This thesis deals with quantum chaos in the geometric collective model of atomic nuclei (GCM). The rst and second chapters introduce the derivation and analysis of basic aspects of the GCM. Two ways of quantization are introduced for zero rotations of the nucleus. The rst one takes into account only the vibrational degrees of freedom and does not correspond to real nuclei. The second way reects both vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom and leads to the standard GCM. The third chapter includes analytical calculations of matrix elements of the GCM in the harmonic oscillator basis. Some measures of chaos are described in the fourth chapter, including the method based on Peres lattices. Numerical results for both quantization methods are presented in the form of Peres lattices, which are compared with some adopted results of other measures of chaos.
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