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Phylogeny and diversity of harvestmen suborder Laniatores
Marešová, Alexandra ; Hiřman, Matyáš (advisor) ; Dolejš, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarizes the general knowledge about phylogenesis, diversity and distribution of harvestmen from the suborder Laniatores. Until recently, phylogenetic relationships of this suborder were very few studied, but thanks to a recent studies they are still improving. The suborder Laniatores now includes 41 families, which are divided into ten superfamilies. An overview of distribution of individual families of the suborder Laniatores is also given in this work and so are factors influencing it. From abiotic factors there is humidity, temperature, climate, and altitude. Among biotic factors, the distribution may be influenced by the type of vegetation or by the human, where it is mainly the introduction of invasive species. The greatest emphasis is placed on morphological differences between individual families. The biggest differences can be observed on their bodies, especially in the form of different numbers and types of sclerotized protrusions. Keywords: harvestmen, Laniatores, phylogenesis, biogeography, biodiversity, morphology
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Diversity of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in Europe
Hiřman, Matyáš ; Šťáhlavský, František (advisor) ; Řezáč, Milan (referee)
This bachelor thesis contains the overall description of diversity of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in Europe. The total appearance of this type in Europe is counted in 459 species from 10 different families out of all four distinguished suborders. Europe nowadays belongs to the most studied continent and that's why Europe got the possibility to being explored and watched in many ways. Explored were the general trends in appearance of individual groups of harvestmen, the most important factors, which could affect their expansion and diversity. We're talking about the abiotic factors as the climate, temperature, humidity and altitude, and the biotic ones. Biotic factors are vegetation, the human impact and the invasive species. Unfortunately the number of the detailed analysis, which contains this issues, is very low. That makes us unable to valorize the influence of all the factors in detail. At least the basic connections in diversity of this family in Europe were explored. The studies show, that the main influence on the overall diversity has the temperature and humidity. These are closely connected with other factors as altitude and vegetation are. Key words: Harvestmen, biogeography, diversity, classification, abiotic factor, biotic factor.
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