|
|
Mental development of children with low birth weight
Švandová, Lucie ; Ptáček, Radek (advisor) ; Fischer, Slavomil (referee) ; Myšková, Lucie (referee)
Introduction: There is a high prevalence of cognitive and socioemotional dysfunction and disorders in very low birth weight (VLBW <1500 g) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW <1000 g) children. These findings raise concerns and questions about the level of mental development of these children, not only in early childhood but also during school age, adolescence and adulthood. Methods: Socioemotional and cognitive development was assessed in 118 children with VLBW or ELBW and 101 children with normal birth weight (≥ 2 500 g), aged 5 to 9 years. The test battery contained selected subscales from the Intelligence and Development Scales (IDS) and the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment - second edition (NEPSY-II). Parents were administered Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), and an anamnestic interview as well as observation was also conducted. Results: A statistically significant difference in cognitive and socioemotional development between children with VLBW/ELBW and children with normal birth weight. The IQ score of children with normal birth weight was on average 12.98 points higher. These children also perform better results than children with VLBW/ELBW in all subtests of the IDS and NEPSY-II. Parents did not evaluate impaired executive function. Conclusion: Among...
|
|
|
The development of depressive symptomatology, burnout and lifestyle in the Czech population - in years 2014-2020
Vňuková, Martina ; Ptáček, Radek (advisor) ; Bob, Petr (referee) ; Fischer, Slavomil (referee)
Introduction It is clear from the literature that depressive disorder is closely related to lifestyle, however the relationship between burnout and lifestyle remains unclear. The aim of this study was to present a comprehensive overview of depressive symptoms, burnout and lifestyle over the years. Furthermore, this study looks at the relationship between burnout, depressive symptomatology and lifestyle and seeks to clarify the extent to which burnout can be explained by these variables. Methods Data collection took place in three waves. The first data collection was in 2014 (October/November), the second in 2017 (March) and the third in 2020 (March). The STEM/MARK agency conducted the data collection and collected answers from a representative sample of respondents using the CAWI method - computer-assisted questioning. These respondents were selected from the European National Panel. Because the target group was adults (18-65 years), an online survey was chosen. Internet penetration in this target population is sufficient and it was not necessary to use a combination of methodologies. Results All 3 data collections identically show that for the model explaining burnout statistically significant variables are: age, depression and fatigue during the day. Other variables related to healthy lifestyles...
|
|
|
Adult ADHD Symptomatology and Lifestyles in the Czech Population.
Weissenberger, Simone ; Ptáček, Radek (advisor) ; Bob, Petr (referee) ; Fischer, Slavomil (referee)
ADHD is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that is mostly seen in childhood and that can also manifest or carry on into adulthood. It is of crucial importance for clinicians to be aware of the adult version of ADHD so that they can adequately recognize and treat those who are ailed by the condition. It is also important to raise awareness of the condition to clinicians in Czech Republic, as our study clearly shows that there are a fair amount of adults who are living with strong symptoms. We conducted our study on ADHD symptomatology among Czech adults and the correlated lifestyles to get a better picture of the condition and how it presents itself, to give a clear idea of questions that could be asked by clinicians to adults regarding their lifestyles and ADHD.We also decided to only stick tol symptomatology rather than previous diagnosis to further refine our research and get a clear picture. Our study was the first to assess ADHD symptoms and investigate lifestyles in the Czech adult population. The study was cross-sectional as this allowed us to assess the symptoms and lifestyles in "real time". The cross-sectional design was a strength as well as a limitation in the sense that we cannot see what the individuals will do in the future, whether symptoms have improved or worsened, or likewise...
|
|
|
Depravation of personality by impact of imprisonment
Fischer, Slavomil ; Žukov, Ilja (advisor) ; Hynek, Karel (referee) ; Ptáček, Radek (referee)
This dissertation deals with problems of depravation of delinquents personalities by impact of imprisonment as a task of forensic psychology. Its theoretical part analyses causes of their sources and development, and explores working possibilities of psychology in their correction. Theoretical principles and origin empirical findings have been used as resources for these possibilities. The empirical part of dissertation presents results of research studies which focuses on analyze of efficiency of treatment to delinquents and offenders. First report brings results of two research studies which focus on the analyses of specific needs associated with members of a delinquent subculture and the psychological alterations which occur as a result of adaptation to their imprisonment. The second one brings conclusion from analysis of efficiency of rewards and punishments, as methods used for modification of their antisocial behavior. The specificity and differences have been ascertained by virtue of factors that are considered significant from the point of view of delinquency and potential recidivism. The findings and results are applicable in practice of forensic psychology and are significant for the practical application by psychologists and other specialists in their work with delinquents and offenders.
|
guest ::
