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Gender Differences in Correlation between Social Relationships and Happiness: Cross-Country Analysis
Pashkina, Anastasia ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Želinský, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines gender differences in the correlation between social relationships and happiness and how these differences vary according to the Gender Inequality Index. The data from the World Values Survey and the Human Development Report for 48 countries are used. The analysis consists of three sections. The first section examines gender differences in the correlation between social relationships and happiness using two separate datasets for females and males. In the second section, the significance of the studied gender differences is explored using one overall dataset for females and males. In the third section, the countries are divided into groups according to the Gender Inequality Index, and separate datasets of each group are used to investigate whether gender differences in correlation between social relationships and happiness have different significance among the groups. The thesis finds that the gender differences in the correlation between specific determinants of social relationships and happiness exist and that for the countries with various Gender Inequality Index, the gender differences mentioned above have diverse significance.
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Website Development as a Credence Good: A Field Experiment
Appelt, Šimon ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Špolcová, Dominika (referee)
There are many markets for credence goods which have been assessed in recent economic research, including taxi services, car mechanics, health care or electronics repairs. How- ever, as no previous research inspects solely an Internet-based environment, the thesis examines the web development market as the representative of a new potential segment of markets for credence goods. In particular, the discrimination in overcharging based on gender or technical experience of a customer is assessed. For this reason, a natural field experiment was designed and subsequently, 341 Czech web developers and IT firms were approached via email to collect the proposed prices for a fictitious E-shop development contract. After the analysis of the outcome variables, the multiple linear regression model with the ordinary least squares (OLS) method was employed. The results suggest that male customers tend to get higher price proposals than women. The second implication is that customers who signalled technical experience in the email inquiry appear to get higher prices than the non-technical customers. However, the outcomes and the differ- ences in proposed prices were not significant among the treatment groups. Other factors, including the number of employees, the region where the company resides and proposed...
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Male Attitude and Family Planning Practices in Angola
Toulová, Natálie ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Šedivý, Marek (referee)
Natálie Toulová Abstract Men's involvement in their partners' lives can be an essential driver in terms of the utilization of family planning programs. Using cross-sectional data from the Angola Demographic and Health Survey from 2015-2016, this thesis investigates the factors influencing family planning use from the men's point of view. Apart from the expected positive correlation of education, age, place of residence, and economic status with contraceptive use, it is hypothesized that men's attitude, knowledge, and fertility preferences affect contraceptive use and unmet need of their spouses. Using logistic and probit regressions, the results of this thesis point out a significant positive relationship between men's knowledge of contraception, their fertile preferences, and their partners' use of contraception. Lastly, the thesis lays down a few suggestions for future research. .
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Video-Gaming and Adolescent Academic Performance
Simachyova, Valeriya ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Chadimová, Kateřina (referee)
Video-gaming is a frequent choice for leisure-time activity among young males and females in advanced economies. This thesis studies cross-national differences in the association between the academic performance of students of both genders and video- gaming. The data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 wave was used to estimate the educational achievements in reading, science, and mathematics of over 156000 students with varying reported frequency of single- and multiplayer gaming in 29 countries. It was found that male single-player gamers outperform their non-gaming counterparts. On the other hand, there is no association between academic performance and single-player games for female students. Multiplayer gaming is found to have a negative relationship with the educational achievements of female and male students, regardless of time-dedication to gaming.
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Determinants of Induced Abortion in Selected European Countries
Michálková, Tereza ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Chorna, Olena (referee)
The thesis scrutinizes potential impacts of various socio-economic determ- inants on the legally induced abortions in Europe by examining a sample of 15 European countries for the 2007-2017 period. For the panel data re- gression, fixed effects estimation and random effects estimation, both with the Newey-West robust standard errors, are applied and compared with the Hausman test. The significant results generally correspond to the pre- vious studies. Specifically, both crude divorce rate and female unemploy- ment propose a positive impact on abortions and crude birth rate influences abortions negatively. The only exception opposing the previous studies is the female tertiary education that signals substantial negative impact on abortions in the context of European countries. In addition, the thesis in- troduces new economic variables to the topic of abortions (social benefits, GDP growth rate, GDP per capita and political stability index). Nonethe- less, except for the positive effect of GDP per capita on abortions, the other economic variables did not appear to be significant in the preferred models. Keywords Abortion ratio, legally induced abortions, socio-economic determinants, fixed effects, random effects, European countries.
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Essays on Poverty and the Socio-economic Behaviour of the Poor
Želinský, Tomáš ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Gangadharan, Lata (referee) ; Servátka, Maroš (referee) ; Reggiani, Tommaso (referee)
Tomáš Želinský: Essays on poverty and the socio-economic behaviour of the poor. Doctoral thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies. 2020, 134 pages. Advisor: doc. PhDr. Julie Chytilová, Ph.D. This doctoral thesis consists of three essays that address the topic of poverty and the socio- economic behaviour of the poor. In the first essay, we focus on an economic dimension of subjective well-being, studying how closely subjective perceptions of individual economic well-being are related to objective measures of real economic conditions as they change over time. Our results suggest that people react to general economic conditions to a limited extent, and do not immediately update their perceptions according to real conditions. The following two essays primarily focus on the socio-economic behaviour of poor Roma. In the second essay, we first aim to understand the role of parents and peers in the shaping of social norms adopted by children in relatively closed, poor mono-ethnic Roma communities. We show that, on average, children's norms are more correlated with those of their peers than with those of their parents. We also show that children's norms converge to their parents' norms until the age of around twelve-thirteen, which is when many Roma children...
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How does death of a household member affect consumption? The Case of Mexico
Šedivý, Marek ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Vacek, Pavel (referee)
In this thesis, we study the effect of death of a household member on the evolution of household per capita consumption. We provide multiple contributions to the available literature. We are the first to analyze all three waves of the Mexican Family Life Survey and use them to estimate the effect of within-household mortality on consumption. Furthermore, we assess to what extent this effect depends on the characteristics of the deceased household member. We also provide evidence on the persistence of the shock into consumption. We rely on a fixed-effects model. We find that households are capable of perfectly smoothing shocks into consumption caused by within-household mortality. However, we find evidence indicating that the effect of within- household mortality on consumption is likely to depend on the characteristics of the affected household. We consider multiple robustness checks. Based on these we conclude that our findings are robust against variations in the specification of our model.
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The correlations of economic changes to the super luxury car sector
Hönig, Maximilian ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
Within the thesis, the effects of macroeconomic and societal changes on the sale of Ferrari automobiles is examined. The main focus of this thesis is to discover, whether known factors, influencing luxury goods and total car sales, are also relevant for super luxury sport cars. This is done, by regressing Ferrari sales and total car sales on these factors and comparing the results to the ones for normal car sales, in each of the analyzed regions.
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The relationship of cultural and non-cultural characteristics of countries with the sharing economy size
Filonau, Ilya ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Cahlík, Tomáš (referee)
Within the thesis, the concept of sharing economy is described and the relationship of cultural characteristics among different countries with its size and adoption is examined. The main aim is to understand whether cultural characteristics are significant at explaining the rate of adoption of sharing economy. The relationship between sharing economy size and non-cultural characteristics is assessed as well. This is done with the use of regression analysis. Keywords: Sharing Economy, Digital Platforms, Hofstede, Cultural Dimensions, Internet Penetration, Economic Freedom Author's email: ilya.filonau@gmail.com Character count: 86 841
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