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Individualization, differentiation, and personalization in mathematics in the Czech Republic through three different approaches: Scheme-oriented, Child-centred, and Undesignated
Brožová, Miroslava ; Coufalová, Jana (advisor) ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee) ; Rowland, Tim (referee)
The goal of the presented work was to determine whether and how individualization, differentiation, and personalization are utilized in the principles of the selected programs and in the teachers' beliefs and practices in the teaching of mathematics at elementary school. In order to collect data, six teachers in the Czech Republic were selected with three different approaches to teaching- Scheme oriented approach, child-centred educational approach, and an undesignated mainstream approach. The basic concepts and all three selected approaches to teaching were defined in the theoretical part of the work. In the experimental part, episodes from interviews about beliefs and practices identified in teaching were interpreted within the context of characteristics of individualization, differentiation, and personalization. Practices such as the use of textbooks and homework assignments were specifically described. The study shows that teachers of a scheme-oriented approach and a child-centred educational approach use elements of individualization, differentiation, and personalization in their practices. Individualization appears in the teaching of the undesignated mainstream approach, but this approach does not contain aspects of differentiation and personalization. The analysis in all monitored areas of...
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Financial Literacy at Kindergarten
Buzková, Klára ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Brožová, Miroslava (referee)
This thesis focuses on financial literacy in pre-school education. The aim of this thesis is to create a series of activities, that correspond to the development of pre-school children. The proposed activities relate to financial literacy in a broader sense, than just financial mathematics. The objective is to verify eligibility of proposed activities, both from the author's perspective, as well as from the perspective of the teachers of kindergarten, in which the research was set. The creation of proposed activities is based on the theoretical foundations obtained in the theoretical part of this work. The objective of the proposed activities is to introduce children to the fundamentals of financial literacy, initiate first experience, fortify designed habits and acquaint children with elementary concepts. The verification method is based on qualitative research with elements of action research. Observation of pre-school children during the activities served as main data collection method. The activities were captured on video for later analysis and post-reflection. The obtained data allowed possible modifications of activities and conditions of their implementation, as well as further recommendations for teacher practice.
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Municipality and protection of the environment from the legal point of view
Brožová, Miroslava ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Franková, Martina (referee)
The thesis titled "The Municipality and Protection of the Environment from the Viewpoint of Law" is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which is devoted to the constitutional foundations of protection of the environment. The second chapter deals with various kinds of instruments in environmental protection. The third chapter deals with the position of a municipality in the public administration system. The fourth chapter forms the core of the work. This chapter assesses the role of municipalities in the protection of individual components of the environment and focuses on the analysing of individual component laws. The fifth and sixth chapters are devoted to the relationship of the municipalities to the territorial planning institute and an examination of the regulations issued in a municipality that functions on its own. The conclusion focuses on the summary of the relevant issues in individual areas. In terms of environmental protection, the municipality plays an essential role, particularly thanks to its position and powers that are entrusted to the municipal authorities.
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Nursingl Assistant - contribution to the quality of professional nursing care
BROŽOVÁ, Miroslava
The diploma is focused on a status of adhering to medical assistent?s competence. Contribution and use of this profesion in modern professional nursing is ambiguous and problematic in nursing practice. Nurse managers, nurses and medical assistents had participated in this survey. The survey took part, with head nurse?s approval, in hospitals of Central Bohemian region and Prague. The diploma is dividend into two parts, theoretical and practical. In practical part we have chosen to use a quantitative survey method. Then we have used a questionnaire method to collect data. Questionnaires were anonymous. The first group consisted of nurse managers in a count of 90 (100%) respondents. The sekond group consisted of nurses and medical assistents in a count of 181 (100%) respondents. The first goal of the diploma was to discover how medical assistents competence is being fulfilled according to legal standards. The survey discovered that medical assistents assignments are above standard legal competence. After proccessing the results of the quantitative survey, the first theory, that medical assistents are instructed to adhere to their competence, was disproved. The second goal was to assess the status of medical assistents in current professional nursing. In our survey we?ve defined a theory, that medical assistent?s competence contributes to an efficiency of a whole medical team. Results discovered, that medical asistent is an adequate member of a medical team, this theory was confirmed. The last goal of the diploma was to find out management point of view on use and involvement of this non-medical profesion in providing a high-quality nursing care. The third theory of the survey, that management prefers nurses to medical assistents, was also confirmed. These results confirm the current situation of this issue. Discovered results will be provided to medical facilities as a self-reflective and nursing activity improving materials.
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Nurses´ care of patients with the epidural catheter.
BROŽOVÁ, Miroslava
The bachelor thesis research is focused on nursing care of patients with epidural catheter in cancer pain treatment from the perspective of nursing staff and patients. The pain accompanying this disease presents a serious problem. In recent years we have been witnessing the rising use of regional analgesia techniques with the potential to achieve cancer pain relief. This also has significantly improved the patient´s comfort and raised the standard of nursing care of patients with chronic pain. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The objective of the thesis was to make a survey study on nursing care of cancer patients with epidural catheter and to determine the nurses´ knowledge of treatment principles in patients with epidural catheter. Another objective was to find out patients´ expectations after the epidural catheter introduction and to identify how the epidural catheter introduction affects patients with cancer pain. The practical research is based on data collection by using anonymous questionnaires. The questions were closed and half-open. The introductory questions had an identifying character, other questions were focused on specifics of nursing care. Qualitative survey was conducted by questioning, interview techniques. The respondents were oncological patients with epidural catheterization. The research was carried out in the health facilities mentioned below with the permission of the head nurse. The research sample consisted of six patients. Another sample for the research study consisted of nurses working in a standard department and in the outpatient pain department. 120 copies of questionnaires were distributed. The research sample was composed of nurses working in Motol Faculty Hospital, Rudolf and Stefanie Hospital in Benešov, Mulačovy Hospital Plzeň and Plzeň Faculty Hospital. The objective of the thesis is to confirm the hypothesis according to which nurses working in the outpatient pain department have better knowledge of nursing care of patients with epidural catheter than nurses working in standard departments. After the research conduction and evaluation, the hypothesis was confirmed. The objectives have been met.
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