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Development and validation of the new model of thermal conditions of urban environment in fine resolution
Resler, Jaroslav ; Krč, Pavel ; Belda, Michal ; Juruš, Pavel ; Benešová, N. ; Lopata, J. ; Vlček, O. ; Damašková, D. ; Eben, Kryštof ; Derbek, P. ; Maronga, P. ; Kanani-Sühring, F.
The assessment of different scenarios of the city development to air quality and thermal comfort in the areas of street canyons was our main goal inside the project UrbanAdapt. It follows the need for a model which allows to simulate air flows in fine resolution of the order of meter and realistically predict turbulence in the complex terrain of streets and buildings. The LES models comply with such requirements but the review showed that there was no free available LES model which could model the energy exchange in urban environment, i.e. the interaction of energy and air flows including effects of vegetation and different properties of urban surfaces and materials. Thus we decided to extend the existing LES model PALM by a new module USM (Urban Surface Model) which describes the most important energy exchanges in the urban environment. The validation of the model was done against observations obtained by IR camera in the course of heat wave episode in July 2015.
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Thermal Convection in Terrestrial Planetary Mantles
Benešová, Nina ; Čížková, Hana (advisor) ; Hejda, Pavel (referee) ; Šrámek, Ondřej (referee)
In this thesis, we present results of a numerical modelling study focused on the thermal evolution of the Earth and terrestrial planets. We focus particularly on two problems: I) constraining the internal structure of Venus and Mercury using their geoid and surface topography data and II) evaluating the effects of a rhe- ologically distinct post-perovskite on the secular cooling of the Earth. In part I, we performed simulations in a broad group of models of the Venusian man- tle, characterised by different rheological descriptions, and we compared spectra of their geoid and their surface topography with the observed quantities. Our analysis suggested that the geoid and the surface topography of Venus are con- sistent with a radially symmetric viscosity model with a strong 200 km thick lithosphere, without an asthenosphere and with a gradual viscosity increase in the underlying mantle. In the case of Mercury, none of our models was able to predict observed data, thus suggesting other than a dynamic origin of observed geoid and topography. In part II, we investigated style of Earth's mantle con- vection and its long-term evolution in the models that take into account a weak post-perovskite. We conclude that the presence of the weak post-perovskite en- hances the core cooling. This effect is comparable in...
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Thermal Convection in Terrestrial Planetary Mantles
Benešová, Nina
In this thesis, we present results of a numerical modelling study focused on the thermal evolution of the Earth and terrestrial planets. We focus particularly on two problems: I) constraining the internal structure of Venus and Mercury using their geoid and surface topography data and II) evaluating the effects of a rhe- ologically distinct post-perovskite on the secular cooling of the Earth. In part I, we performed simulations in a broad group of models of the Venusian man- tle, characterised by different rheological descriptions, and we compared spectra of their geoid and their surface topography with the observed quantities. Our analysis suggested that the geoid and the surface topography of Venus are con- sistent with a radially symmetric viscosity model with a strong 200 km thick lithosphere, without an asthenosphere and with a gradual viscosity increase in the underlying mantle. In the case of Mercury, none of our models was able to predict observed data, thus suggesting other than a dynamic origin of observed geoid and topography. In part II, we investigated style of Earth's mantle con- vection and its long-term evolution in the models that take into account a weak post-perovskite. We conclude that the presence of the weak post-perovskite en- hances the core cooling. This effect is comparable in...
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Neurotropic and antioxidative activity of some selected species of monocotyledonous alkaloidal plants in vitro. II.
Benešová, Nina ; Cahlíková, Lucie (advisor) ; Kučera, Radim (referee)
Benešová N.: Neurotropic and antioxidative activity in vitro of monocotyledonous alkaloidal plants II. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Departement of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2012, 72 p. The aim of this diploma thesis was to analyse alkaloidal extracts of six selected plants from Amaryllidaceae family (Nerine filifolia, Nerine undulata, Nerine filamentosa, Scadoxus multiflorus, Sprekelia formosissima, Sternbergia lutea) and test their biological activity to human cholinesterases (HuAChE, HuBuChE) using Ellman's method and antioxidative activity measured by DPPH test. Thanks to GC/MS analysis was identified a huge range of alkaloids of Amaryllidaceae family that belongs to various structural types. Some of them have not been determined yet due to unavailability of their spectras in commercial libraries and literature. The best inhibitory activity against human blood acetylcholinesterase was described in alkaloidal extracts of Nerine undulata (IC50 14,30 ± 1,20 µg/ml) and Nerine filifolia (IC50 18,54 ± 0,79 µg/ml) and against human plasma butyrylcholinesterase in extracts of Sternbergia lutea (IC50 3,07 ± 0,05 µM) and Nerine filamentosa (IC50 13,00 ± 0,71 µg/ml). Antioxidative activity of alkaloidal extracts from the bulbs...
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World Trade in Crude Oil
Benešová, Nela ; Čajka, Radek (advisor) ; Bolotov, Ilya (referee)
This master´s thesis deals with trade with crude oil and its impact on the world economy. Everyone, who wants to start to trade with crude oil, should find out basic terminology and information about crude oil that is characterized in the first chapter. The hunt for oil started many years ago, therefore the history is also mentioned in this master´s thesis. The second chapter focuses on the world trade with crude oil. Territorial structure and trade flows are described in this part of the master´s thesis. Nevertheless, the crude oil also has an impact on the world economy and economies of single states. The third chapter analyses states, where the inhabitants live beyond means of people from other countries but these states are so depended on crude oil that if this trade stopped, these countries would go bankrupt. However, there are also exceptions. Even though, there are states that have huge sources of crude oil, they still have to deal with financial problems. The forth chapter characterizes the trade with crude oil of the Czech Republic because it is a net importer of crude oil and the last chapter focuses on new trends in crude oil such as shale oil and trading at a crude oil market.
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Ensuring intravenous lines in children.
BENEŠOVÁ, Nikola
Intravenous cannulation ranks among the basic nursing procedures performed by nurses on everyday basis. The indications for cannulation include particularly infusion therapies, administration of replacement fluids in case of blood loss, anesthesia, long-term administration of antibiotics, parenteral nutrition or monitoring of central venous pressure. In case of children the method prevents frequent unpleasant and painful punctures. Intravenous cannulation is used for peripheral catheterization, central catheterization, umbilical catheterization and PICC. The most frequent is application of peripheral catheters. In absolute majority of cases the procedure is performed by two nurses, while one introduces a catheter and the other holds the child. It should be always made possible for the mother/accompanying person to be present during the procedure. Apart from observation of disinfection, sterility and correct procedure by nurses/ physician, it is very essential to ensure good mental preparation of the child which depends on how much the child is able to understand the provided information. The parent or another accompanying person must be sufficiently instructed in advance about the procedure. In case of introduction of a peripheral catheter in newborns and nurslings no rubber or other tourniquets are used on the limb and the limb is only pressed by the assisting nurse with adequate force. Equally as in adults, visible veins of upper and lower limbs are used for intravenous cannulation but also veins on the child´s head which is a specific place used in little children. Umbilical catheter introduced immediately after the birth is also characteristic for newborns and this procedure can be performed only by a physician, similarly as it is the case with the central catheter. PICC is different in this respect as it can be also introduced by a professionally trained nurse. Aseptic approach is always applied. All catheters must be firmly fixed to prevent their undesired extraction. After the procedure the patient and the puncture area are regularly checked to prevent complications.
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Business and cultural specifics of Greece
Benešová, Nela ; Müllerová, Františka (advisor) ; Plchová, Božena (referee)
Everyone, who wants to do trade with Greek traders, should find out, which are local business and cultural specifics. Habits are different in every state, therefore everyone should be well prepared, before the business begins, that any faux pas would happen. Business habits proceed from history, therefore I also mentioned it in my bachelor's thesis. Nevertheless, the trade also relates to state of economy of the land, therefore I analyzed nowadays political and economic situation in Greece. Negotiations of Greek businessmen are different from negotiations of Czech businessmen, but I did not find any crucial differences while comparing, which could prevent the Czech businessmen from concluding an agreement in Greece.
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Eulerovské chemické transportní modely, jejich výhody a možnosti využití
Resler, Jaroslav ; Karel, J. ; Jireš, R. ; Liczki, Jitka ; Belda, Michal ; Eben, Kryštof ; Kasanický, Ivan ; Juruš, Pavel ; Vlček, O. ; Benešová, N. ; Kazmuková, M.
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