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Improvement of Manganese Separation in Drinking Water Treatment
Bartoš, Ladislav ; Janda, Václav (referee) ; Hlaváč, Jaroslav (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (advisor)
The submitted paper covers manganese comprehensively. The introduction provides an overview of its basic physical and chemical properties. Its compounds are discussed individually, including their preparation, production, and practical uses. Furthermore, a list of analytical methods in which manganese is involved in the form of its compounds as reagents is included. The same section includes an overview of analytical methods whereby manganese and its compounds are detected, primarily in water industry processes. Attention is paid to manganese as a non-negligible constituent of the various parts of the environment. The section on manganese’s biogenic properties is interesting from the viewpoint of its toxicity as well as its role as an important biogenic element, indispensable primarily for mammals. The subsequent chapters discuss the various methods which are suitable, under specific conditions, for separation in the treatment of surface and underground water aimed at producing drinking, process, or industrial water, where a minimal concentration of this metal is required. The impact of the physical/chemical conditions which influence the efficiency of separation in a manner ranging from non-negligible to principal, is discussed further on. Given the specifics of treatment of surface [and] underground water, the chapters provide more details on the processes suitable for specific types of matrix and specific conditions. Next chapters sum up many years of the author’s observations and experiences in the various parts of the water management system, from the raw water source to treatment to distribution, focusing on surface and underground water separately. Last chapter describes the construction of a water treatment plant model, its launch and calibration, and the tests focused on separating manganese by way of coagulation using aluminium and iron sulphate.
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Improvement of Manganese Separation in Drinking Water Treatment
Bartoš, Ladislav ; Janda, Václav (referee) ; Hlaváč, Jaroslav (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (advisor)
The submitted paper covers manganese comprehensively. The introduction provides an overview of its basic physical and chemical properties. Its compounds are discussed individually, including their preparation, production, and practical uses. Furthermore, a list of analytical methods in which manganese is involved in the form of its compounds as reagents is included. The same section includes an overview of analytical methods whereby manganese and its compounds are detected, primarily in water industry processes. Attention is paid to manganese as a non-negligible constituent of the various parts of the environment. The section on manganese’s biogenic properties is interesting from the viewpoint of its toxicity as well as its role as an important biogenic element, indispensable primarily for mammals. The subsequent chapters discuss the various methods which are suitable, under specific conditions, for separation in the treatment of surface and underground water aimed at producing drinking, process, or industrial water, where a minimal concentration of this metal is required. The impact of the physical/chemical conditions which influence the efficiency of separation in a manner ranging from non-negligible to principal, is discussed further on. Given the specifics of treatment of surface [and] underground water, the chapters provide more details on the processes suitable for specific types of matrix and specific conditions. Next chapters sum up many years of the author’s observations and experiences in the various parts of the water management system, from the raw water source to treatment to distribution, focusing on surface and underground water separately. Last chapter describes the construction of a water treatment plant model, its launch and calibration, and the tests focused on separating manganese by way of coagulation using aluminium and iron sulphate.
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Analysis of menu cards at choice primary school from aspect of advised nutritional doses
BARTOŠ, Ladislav
Diploma thesis is based on the research which was carried out at the Primary school Velešín in the school year 2007/2008 and was focused on the pupils of fifth, seventh and ninth grades. The objective of the thesis was the analysis of the menus to find out saturation by macro-nutrients and selected micro-nutrients according to the nutritional requirements for school children. Research investigation might be divided into four parts. First part lied in the collection of the menus for the school year, their analysis in the programme NutriDan and following comparison to the norm of need of a school lunch, which is 35 % of a total daily nutritional dose. In the second part the variety of menus was assessed on the basis of repetition rate of particular meals in the school canteen in a month. The third part was the carrying out a questionnaire research of eating habits in pupils. In the fourth part the testing hypotheses were statistically assessed by means of chi-square distribution test. Out of gained results it was found out that required energy was fulfilled only in girls of ninth grade. The fulfilment was at the level 36.14{--}38.29 % of recommended daily dose (RDD). In other grades the energy was undervalued. Proteins were over the limit through the whole year. In the pupils of the fifth grade the fulfilment was in the interval 72.66{--}98.24 % of RDD (the average was 84.7 %), in the pupils of the seventh grade in the interval 55.28{--}74.22 % of RDD (the average was 64.2 %) and in the pupils of ninth grade in the interval 64.93{--}103.15 % of RDD (the average was 82 %). The fulfilment of carbohydrates was insufficient. In the fifth grade it was in the interval 18.81{--}25.35 % of RDD, in the seventh grade only in the interval 16.27{--}23.52 % of RDD and in ninth grade in the interval 21.54{--}29 % of RDD. The intake of lipids was excessive in the girls of the ninth grade (37.56{--}46.21 % of RDD). The fibre was in the norm of need. Out of the observed micronutrients calcium was deficient; the fulfilment was not over 21.62 % of RDD in the pupils of the fifth grade, in the pupils of the seventh grade 19.82 % of RDD. In the pupils of the ninth grade the fulfilment was in the interval 21.37{--}27.86 % of RDD. Through the whole year, vitamins B6 and B12 were over the limit. By the assessment of variety the low rates of leguminous soups, fish, fruit and vegetables were found out. Pork meat and sweet meals were excessive in several months. In boys increasing trend of Body Mass Index (BMI) depending on their age was evident; with higher age more respondents left out breakfast and had lunch more off the school canteen, which might be one of the causes of overweight or obesity in children. The consumption of fruit and vegetables was insufficient. Tested hypotheses proved the following: physical activity did not depend on respondents{\crq} sex; respondents{\crq} BMI depended on regular consumption of breakfast, time spent at a TV set and a computer did not depend on the age of respondents.
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