|
|
Life strories of illegal drug users
ŠROMOVÁ, Lucie
The thesis consists of two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is focused on the definition of the basic concepts of drugs, their history and division and the addiction syndrome. The next chapter is devoted to the family. The following chapters deal with human values and quality of life. The aim of the practical part is to know in detail the life stories of abstinent drug users. To find out the reasons why the respondents started using drugs, what their life was like at the time of use, what was behind the decision to abstain and how they recovered from drug addiction. Narrative analysis is used for the research where the narrative is in the hands of the respondents as unstructured interviews are used to collect data. The interviews are analyzed separately, but also information that is repeated in the interviews is analyzed.
|
|
|
"DASH molecues" in local and systemic pathogenetic processes of rehumatoid arthritis
Šromová, Lucie ; Šedo, Aleksi (advisor) ; Borovanský, Jan (referee) ; Prokešová, Ludmila (referee)
The biological half-life of several pro-inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is controlled by molecules exhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV)-like enzymatic activity (Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity and/or structure homologues- DASH). The aim of this thesis was to identify the molecular source of the DPP-IV-like enzymatic activity in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis as compared to control patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and to evaluate the association of DPP-IV with the disease activity. We found that the main source of the DPP-IV-like enzyme activity in the plasma and in the synovial fluid in patients with RA is the canonical DPP-IV. DPP-IV-like enzymatic activity and canonical DPP-IV were also detected on the cell surface of blood and synovial fluid mononuclear cells. Significantly lower DPP-IV-like enzymatic activity and DPP-IV expression in the synovial fluid mononuclear cells was found in RA as opposed to OA patients. In the synovial fluid of RA patients there was also a negative correlation between the concentration of the pro-inflammatory DPP-IV substrate SDF (stromal cell-derived factor-1 and the proportion of the DPP-IV+ T cells. The blood plasma DPP-IV-like enzymatic activity and...
|
|
|
Immune response and tumor microenvironment in the treatment with polymer cytotoxic drugs
Malátová, Iva ; Šírová, Milada (advisor) ; Stollinová Šromová, Lucie (referee)
Chemotherapy is still one of the most widely used anticancer therapies. It is mostly about inhibiting the proliferation of rapidly dividing cells, so it is not selective for tumor cells. As a result, many undesirable side effects are associated with chemotherapy. The disadvantageous properties of chemotherapeutics can be largely eliminated by using conjugates of polymers with low molecular weight drugs. An example of such a conjugate is a doxorubicin-linked HPMA polymer. In addition to the properties obtained by polymer binding, such as achieving solubility in aqueous solutions, reducing systemic toxicity, increasing the maximum tolerated dose, or passive targeting by the EPR effect, the fact that doxorubicin induces immunogenic cell death is used in therapy with this drug. It has already been shown that after complete cure of the experimental mice with polymeric conjugates of HPMA with doxorubicin, some mice develop long-term resistance to re-inoculation with a lethal dose of tumor cells. Resistance is specific to the particular line of tumor cells from which the mouse was cured, and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and IFNγ play an important role. In this work, we monitored changes in the proportion of immune populations and their activation markers after treatment with HPMA-based polymers with doxorubicin...
|
|
|
Fibroblast activation protein and local immunosuppression in glioblastoma
Ternerová, Nikola ; Stollinová Šromová, Lucie (advisor) ; Drbal, Karel (referee)
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are one of the most common malignant tumors in the central nervous system. The tumor microenvironment of GBMs contains malignant and non-malignant stromal cells, whose interactions contribute to several GBMs characteristics, including aberrant angiogenesis, high proliferation rate, and systemic and local immunosuppression. Fibroblast activation protein α (FAP) is a membrane serine protease that is sparsely expressed in healthy tissues but is upregulated in solid tumors, including GBMs. FAP can be expressed by both malignant and non- malignant stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, and its expression in stromal cells has frequently been linked to impaired anti-tumor immune response. The role of FAP and FAP expressing stromal cells in the infiltration of immune subpopulations into the GBM microenvironment is still unclear. This diploma thesis aimed to develop a flow cytometry protocol for the analysis of immune cell subpopulations present within the tumor microenvironment in wild-type and FAP knockout mouse syngeneic glioblastoma model. Four methods combining mechanical and enzymatic dissociation were evaluated for their ability to preserve cell viability and expression of studied surface molecules using mouse non-tumorous and GBM tissue. The most suitable method for mouse...
|
|
|
Fibroblast activation protein and local immunosuppression in glioblastoma
Ternerová, Nikola ; Stollinová Šromová, Lucie (advisor) ; Drbal, Karel (referee)
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor. Current treatment includes surgical resection with following radio/chemotherapy, but prognosis of patients remains poor with median survival only about 15 months. GBM is characteristic for necrotic regions, abnormal vascularization and strong immunosuppression. Dynamic interactions of cancer cells, immune cells and other stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment can promote tumor growth and progression. Fibroblast activation protein α (FAP) is overexpressed by the cells in tumor tissue. FAP is important in angiogenesis, remodelation of extracellular matrix and immunomodulation in cancers. The role of FAP in the tumor microenvironment is the subject of recent research. The aim of the thesis was to prepare a syngeneic mouse model of glioblastoma with and without FAP expression, implement and optimalize the dissociation method for GBM tumor tissue and detect a variety of infiltrated immune cell populations in the GBM microenvironment by flow cytometry. Optimization of dissociation protocol for glioblastoma tissue was a crucial step for viable cell suspension required for cytometry study of immune cell populations. A combination of dissection by dissociator and enzymatic digestion with mild enzymes was found to be the...
|
|
|
Use of the analytical-synthetic method and methods of Sfumato when working with pupils with partial disorders
ŠROMOVÁ, Lucie
The bachelor thesis has two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, which concerns information about disorders, their types, diagnostics, initial reading, reading literacy and pre-reading periods. Furthermore, the reader will learn about the analytical-synthetic method and the Sfumato method. The practical part is divided into two parts: the first is quantitative research, which determines which method teachers use more often in teaching elementary reading and writing and at the same time what is the distribution of dyslexia and dysgraphia in individual methods. The second part is a case study that describes the information of two primary schools, where the teachers use the analytical-synthetic method and the Sfumato method. The thesis also contains theoretical information about used research methods, questionnaire and interview. Thanks to this work, the reader will find out which method of educators more often, which method is the higher incidence of pupils with dyslexia and dysgraphia. Furthermore, the reader learns why the teachers chose the method, what didactic aids they use, how, in their opinion, the method suits pupils with specific learning difficulties and others.
|
|
|
Humoral aspects of common diseases in musculoskeletal system
Stanžovská, Adéla ; Machač, Stanislav (advisor) ; Vránová, Hana (referee) ; Stollinová Šromová, Lucie (referee)
This research thesis speaks about humoral aspects of common musculoskeletal diseases. In the beginning, we present the most common diagnoses in physical therapy connected to body substances. For that reason, the thesis also gives a brief review of laboratory diagnostic methods that is often crucial for successful diagnosis of certain diseases and their aetiology. Also, the laboratory testing plays an important role in so called Red flags, signalising serious pathologies which should not be excluded forgotten in diagnostic thinking, especially in cases where the therapy is inefficient. Lastly, patient's psychological state significantly influences these parameters.
|
|
|
Immunosuppression in the microenvironment of glioblastoma
Ternerová, Nikola ; Stollinová Šromová, Lucie (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most malignant brain tumors, which are thought to originate from neoplastic transformation of glial cells. These tumors are characterized with highly infiltrative growth, neovascularization, and radio- and chemoresistance. In spite of current therapy including surgical resection of the tumor and chemo/radio therapy, patient's prognosis is still poor and median survival is about 15 months. Certain non-tumor cells present in the GBM microenvironment participate in tumor progression using mechanisms contributing to the local and systemic immunosuppression. Critical roles in the immune escape of GBM have the regulatory T-cells (Tregs), the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Immunosuppressive mechanisms in GBM are conducted through direct cell-mediated contacts and soluble mediators secreted by tumor-associated cells into the local tumor microenvironment and circulating blood. Both these processes may inhibit immune response mounted against cancer cells. Certain cancer associated cells and secreted mediators are distributed by peripheral blood and potentiate systemic immunosuppression in the GBM host organism. Gaining knowledge about these mechanisms may reveal to possible targets for GBM immunotherapy. For instance,...
|
|
|
"DASH molecues" in local and systemic pathogenetic processes of rehumatoid arthritis
Šromová, Lucie ; Šedo, Aleksi (advisor) ; Borovanský, Jan (referee) ; Prokešová, Ludmila (referee)
The biological half-life of several pro-inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is controlled by molecules exhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV)-like enzymatic activity (Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity and/or structure homologues- DASH). The aim of this thesis was to identify the molecular source of the DPP-IV-like enzymatic activity in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis as compared to control patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and to evaluate the association of DPP-IV with the disease activity. We found that the main source of the DPP-IV-like enzyme activity in the plasma and in the synovial fluid in patients with RA is the canonical DPP-IV. DPP-IV-like enzymatic activity and canonical DPP-IV were also detected on the cell surface of blood and synovial fluid mononuclear cells. Significantly lower DPP-IV-like enzymatic activity and DPP-IV expression in the synovial fluid mononuclear cells was found in RA as opposed to OA patients. In the synovial fluid of RA patients there was also a negative correlation between the concentration of the pro-inflammatory DPP-IV substrate SDF (stromal cell-derived factor-1 and the proportion of the DPP-IV+ T cells. The blood plasma DPP-IV-like enzymatic activity and...
|
guest ::
RSS feed.