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Space in photography and image
Šimeček, Michal
Space perception in pictures or photos is different from space perception of real scenes. The differences are significant but obviously unsuspected. The space perception in pictures and photos is allowed by our experience with many realistic pictures and photos. The effect of relations between picture maker (camera) and observer are important. For example complexity is conducive to uncertainty to estimate egocentric distances in the picture. The space perception is modified by properties of picture (e.g. picture size) or observer’s position.
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Může být citlivost ke zrakovým klamům ovlivněna dlouhodobým pobytem v uzavřeném prostředí?
Šimeček, Michal ; Šikl, Radovan ; Lukavský, Jiří
In the paper, we consider the influence of long-term isolation stay on visual space perception. Six crewmembers of the ground-based experiment simulating manned flight to Mars was closed for three and half months to the facility restricting view to no more than a few meters distances. We expect that such restriction would impair the observer’s ability to utilize information from perspective, which among others will manifest itself in the observer’s changed susceptibility to geometrical illusions. By the time of KUZ IX conference, the data from all sessions are still not available.
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We see what we need to see
Šimeček, Michal ; Šikl, Radovan
In order to meet the requirements of the real-life situations, human perception need to be neither accurate nor detailed. Much more important for the active, exploring observer is instantaneous providing the relevant data that can better serve to the behavior. Not only the observer cannot perceive the complete scene, in fact he do not perceive much more than is relevant for his aim. In order to gain the relevant information from the visual field, the scene as well as the objects within are mentally adjusted, refined, some information are accentuated another suppressed. The principle role of human perception is to provide the information usable for visually guided action, not to be perfectly accurate and detailed reflection of the reality. In this context, the human visual system might be the inspiration for the creators of machine vision systems.
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Visual space perception: Introduction
Šikl, Radovan ; Šimeček, Michal
The topic visual space perception is widely investigated for a long time. During the history, it was of the principle interest for philosophy, visual arts, geometry, optics, physiology and other disciplines. Also, in the times beginning of psychology as a science, the research was often concerned with the questions related to depth perception. In this paper, we introduce the principle questions studied in the field together with the experimental methods used and characteristic results. Finally, we present our own research focused on trade-off between particular spatial descriptors and on selected aspects of the relationship between visual and physical space.
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Issues in the research of visual space perception: The geometry of visual space, relationship between the spatial descriptors, and the metric vs. ordinal data
Šimeček, Michal ; Šikl, Radovan
In the article, the authors summarize the main results of their research activity in the field of visual space perception. In the particular experimental projects, they focused on the relationship between the partial spatial descriptors in the process of forming the complex three-dimensional percept. Also, the geometry of the optical space was dealt in with respect to the Euclidean geometry of the physical space. The principle finding concerns the notion of anisotropic curvature of visual space. Finally, the question of plausibility of experiments requiring the perceptual judgements as expressed in metrical units (Euclidean tasks) was raised. The reason for this approach being used is to gather data directly comparable with the physical properties of space. On the other hand, in Euclidean tasks, the ecological validity of knowledge gained is inevitably limited and the danger of intrusion of nonperceptual factors is pervasive.
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Constraints as an organizing principle of perception
Šikl, Radovan ; Šimeček, Michal
Human visual perception is far from being an exact copy of reality. For the observer, it is much more important to dispose of relevant and immediately usable information. In fact, the accuracy allowing the safe interactions through the environment is sufficient. The perception always mirrors the life style, i.e., it is optimalized for managing the requirements of everyday situations. These requirements have gradually modified the human visual system in the course of evolution and also led to the forming of internal constraints (presuppositions).
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Less is sometime more also in the experimental research of visual space perception
Šikl, Radovan ; Šimeček, Michal ; Vobořil, Dalibor
In the methodological study, the authors propose the classification of the tasks used in the experimental research of visual space perception. Each task has its advantages and limitations. It concerns with the requirements posed on the observers, the level of quantification of the data, the ecological validity of findings, and the danger of the infiltration of judgments by the artifacts. The authors propose to distinguish the metric (exact, euclidean) from the nonmetric (up to ordinal) tasks. All of the differences will be demonstrated on the specific experimental designs.
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The research on visual space perception: Introduction
Šikl, Radovan ; Šimeček, Michal
Visual space perception is thoroughly examined topic. The relevant questions attracted the natural philosophers since the antiquity. In the article, we introduce in short the main problems empirically studied, the methods used and some of the principal results. Also our own experimental research is dealt with in detail.
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