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Kalkulace nákladů vybraných činností zemědělského podniku
Černá, Kristýna
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of cost calculations of activities car-ried out in an agricultural company. The main goal of the work is to evaluate the company's current cost management, to propose possible changes and improve-ments to the calculation procedures carried out in the agricultural company, to evaluate their impact on the company and to give general recommendations that could be followed by the users of cost calculations. In the theoretical part, the basic concepts, principles and methods related to the given issue are defined. In the practical part, calculation methods are applied on the example of a specific agricultural company.
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Precontractual liability in obligations with an international element
Černá, Kristýna ; Bříza, Petr (advisor) ; Brodec, Jan (referee)
Precontractual liability in obligations with an international element Abstract The thesis deals with the issue of precontractual liability in contractual relations with an international element. The focus is mainly on an analysis of the approach of selected foreign legal systems, namely Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Ukraine, but also on unification efforts aimed at bridging the differences between the individual national regulations. Precontractual liability is a very complex legal institution. While Czech law is relatively detailed in this respect and no major problems arise, the application of culpa in contrahendo in international trade practice still raises more questions than answers. The application of the concept in the international environment is problematic mainly due to the different conceptions of culpa in contrahendo in individual countries. Most striking is the difference between the approach taken by continental and common-law legal systems, respectively. Common law, which does not recognize precontractual liability as a legal institution at all, works with the doctrine of promissory estoppel, which in some situations is able to replace the missing institution of culpa in contrahendo. Of course, the conflict-of-laws rules on precontractual liability also differ,...
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The influence of intensity of agricultural land use on pollinator diversity and abundance
Tomsová, Lucie ; Janovský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Černá, Kristýna (referee)
Agricultural intensification is one of the main reasons for the decline of biodiversity and ecosystem services in agricultural landscape. One of the ecosystem services is pollination, which helps to preserve the biodiversity of wild plants in cultural landscape and is also vital for production of food, especially fruits and vegetables. Decreasing management intensity could be one of the potential solutions for maintaining sufficient level of pollination in the agricultural landscape. This can be achieved at least on parts of agricultural land. Also, certain areas of cultivated land can be excluded from production in exchange for subsidies for farmers who agree to implement this method. For this reason, the European Union has introduced organic farming and agri- environmental schemes. The aim of the study was to determine whether currently applied low-intensity management is sufficiently effective to protect wild plants, pollinators and their mutual relations. And if so, whether it is due to the decreased management intensity or due to the floral sources available. Another question dealt with is how the effects of organic farming depend on the landscape structure. Results of various studies dealing with this topic were qualitatively compared. Current studies show that organic farming has positive...
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Sleep and dreaming of a patients in intensive care
Černá, Kristýna ; Woleská, Jana (advisor) ; Šmotek, Michal (referee)
With the progress of the intense medicine, over the past ten years there has been documented more and more patients/clients who have survived a critical illness. Intensive care unit admission is a great source of somatopsychological burden to the patient/client. One of the main aspects of the negative experience is a quality of sleep which is subjectively perceived as low. This master thesis summarizes the knowledge of a current research which is dealing with the causes of poor sleep quality on the intensive care department. It offers a detailed overview of environmental and physiological factors which are related to the poor quality of sleep. It contains summary information of the description and recalling dreams. The research of the master thesis is handling searching for factors which predict the poor quality of sleep, and also the factors which predict if a patient/client will recall the dream which they were having. Within our research we executed an exploratory pilot study. In conclusion of the analysis there was a discovery of a deteriorative sleep quality by perceiving heat discomfort. We were also observing the trend of a deteriorative sleep quality by the connection to the mechanical ventilation, but only when not provided sedation. The result of the research are follow-up research...
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Effect of endogenous factors on mesenchymal stem cells
Černá, Kristýna ; Krulová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Kubinová, Šárka (referee)
Maintaining of homeostasis is essential for the survival of the organism. Stress disturbs the homeostasis and prepares the organism for mental or physical stress. During the stress situation, the endogenous stress factors are released. Through these factors stress affects tissue regeneration, the immune system and other metabolic processes. Chronic stress impacts many parts of body and mind and has a negative effect on these processes. Acute stress has the opposite effect. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) participate in regenerative processes and modulate the immune system. Therefore, it can be assumed that stress will affect on MSCs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stress factors, norepinephrine and corticosterone on the properties and function of MSCs in acute and chronic stress model. In our study, stress factors did not affect the morphology, vitality and differentiation of MSCs. However, the metabolic activity of MSCs was reduced regardless of the duration of their action. The action of stress factors also affected the production of some immunologically relevant molecules and proteins. Unfortunately, the results did not show a clear effect of stress factors on the lymphocyte modulation by MSCs. Key words: mesenchymal stem cells, catecholamines, adrenergic receptors,...
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The Esthetics of the Scream in Albert Camus Opus
Černá, Kristýna ; Ébert-Zeminová, Catherine (advisor) ; Fučíková, Milena (referee)
The main topic of this diploma thesis resides in the comparison of the expressionist painting and the existential literature in connection with the motif of screaming. Despite the temporal and geographical distance of the two artistic movements (we are focused more profoundly in the German and Austrian expressionist painting, while the main literary work of this thesis, the existential novel The Fall comes from the great mind of a French writer, Albert Camus), the research aspires to prove the interconnection of the two movements and their common tendencies, based on the analyses of chosen themes, motifs, technics, and structure. We propose the motif of screaming as the main part of the comparison, as it constitutes an essential axis of the occidental art, as well as the crucial contact point between Expressionism and Existentialism. In spite of the bountifulness of the various interpretations this motif offers, we have chosen only selected ideas and concepts. As far as the formal structure is concerned, the work is divided into three chapters, where the first two are focused on the origins, a brief characterization of the main point of the two esthetics. Furthermore, they describe their related counterparts of the visual arts and literature (the Expressionist literature and Existential painting...
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Visual Memory - its capacity and fidelity
Černá, Kristýna ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Novák, Ondřej (referee)
Visual short-term memory and visual long-term memory are two memory systems which differ in storage capacity. The latest research on short-term visual memory indicates that it uses a limited capacity source which is being unequally re-allocated between the stored items. The fidelity of memory recall concerning a specific item improves with the increase of the allocated source capacity. Because early research on visual long-term memory suggests that its capacity is almost unlimited, newer studies focus on the fidelity of preserved memories. Visual memory capacity, be it about short-term or long-term memory, is defined by both the number of stored memories and their fidelity. The thesis presents a literature review systemizing research on visual memory capacity. It describes the visual memory systems, characterizes the formation of a visual representation, and discusses the principles of remembering details of visual scenes and the memorability of pictures. The empirical part includes a research design focusing on remembering details from different specific central parts of a picture.
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