|
The mechanism of action of anticancer drug ellipticin in target tissues of its effect
Vranová, Iveta ; Stiborová, Marie (advisor) ; Martínková, Markéta (referee)
Ellipticine is an alkaloid isolated from Apocynaceae plants exhibiting significant antitumor and anti-HIV activities. Cytochromes P450 (CYP) and peroxidases are the enzymes participating in metabolism of ellipticine. This process provides activation and detoxication metabolites of ellipticine. The CYP enzymes, which participate in oxidation of ellipticine in different tissues (liver, lung and kidney) of rat, a model organism simulating the fate of ellipticine in humans have already been identified. In this work, the effects of ellipticine on contents and catalytic activities of CYPs and other components of the mixed-function oxidase (MFO) system in this animal system were studied. For detection of contents of CYPs and other components of the MFO system, spectroscopic and electrochemical methods were used. To determine catalytic activities of CYPs and NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase, reactions with specific substrates of these enzymes were utilized. The results found in this study demonstrate that expression and catalytic activity of CYP1A is induced by ellipticine in all of the tested organs (liver, kidney and lung) of rats treated with the drug. Moreover in liver, the cytochrome b5 expression is also induced. In addition, in this organ, expression and catalytic activity of CYP3A was increased by...
|
|
Biological activity of plants metabolites. XVIII. Alkaloids of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. WANG.
Poruba, Martin ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Martin Poruba Consultant: Doc. RNDr. Lubomír Opletal, CSc. Title of Thesis: Biological activity of plants metabolites XVIII. Alkaloids of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.WANG. Cholinesterase inhibitors are the only approved drugs for treating patiens with mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cholinergic hypothesis postulates that memory impairment in patiens with AD result from a deficit of cholinergic function in the brain. A decrease of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain of patiens with AD appers to be a critical element in producing dementia. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can restore the level of acetylcholine by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. In the screening of natural inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, alkaloid extracts from species of Papaverales have demonstrated important AChE inhibitory activity. The summary extract of alkaloids was prepared from the dry tubers of Corydalis yanhusuo (10,8 kg). The ethanolic extract was fractionated to get weak-, medium and hight-basic alkaloids and chlorides of quarternary bases. From the diethylether fraction (pH 12) of alkaloids were isolated two known alkaloids: palmatine (CAS 3486-67-7) and...
|
|
Production of secondary metabolites in plant tissue cultures
Provazníková, Věra ; Siatka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Věra Provazníková Production of secondary metabolites in plant tissue cultures Experimental work aimed at monitoring of influence of the cerium chlorid as an elicitor on the production of scopoletin in Angelica archangelica L suspension cultures. Cultivation was carried out by on Murashige and Skoog medium in the light and also in the darkness. For the quantification of scopoletin was used technique of high performance chromatography with fluorimetric detection. The findings of the work demonstrated the higher values of the scopoletin amount by the cerium iones elicitation at the cultivation in the dark.
|
|
In vitro cultures of medicinal plants - IV.
Kunzová, Lucie ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
In vitro cultures of medicinal plants - IV. Lucie Kunzová Elicitation is one of the methods which can effect the production or accumulation of secondary metabolites in plant cultures. The effect of 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours influence by three concentrations of the abiotic elicitor methylviologen (paraquat) on the rutin production by Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. callus and suspension culture was monitored in this study. The in vitro culture was cultivated on Murashige-Skoog medium with the addition of 10 mg/l of dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as a growth regulator. The content of rutin was determined by HPLC. The maximal content of rutin in callus culture (0,25 %) was demonstrated after 72 hours of methylviologen elicitation (c1 = 2,1929 · 10-3 mol/l). The maximal content of rutin in suspension culture (0,02 %) was demonstrated after 24 hours of methylviologen elicitation (c3 = 2,1929 · 10-5 mol/l).
|
|
Spontaneous succession of vegetation of abandoned quarries in the Bohemian Karst: Occurrence of species in quarries and their surroundings
KAREŠOVÁ, Petra
Variation of vegetation during spontanneous succession was researched in ten limestone quarries in the Bohemian Karst in central part of the Czech Republic. Five abandoned quarries surrounded by woodland and five quarries with grassland prevailing in the surroundings were chosen. The age of quarries varied from 33 to 97 years. The complete list of plant species was recorded for each quarry and near surroundings (up to 100m).Resulting analyses demonstrated the close relationship between the occurrence of species in the quarries and their surroundings. The quarries may act as refugia for rare and retreating specie
|
|
Ecotoxicological evaluation of contaminated soil and water and use of bioassays for bioremediation
Hubálek, Tomáš
The aim of this thesis is to identify the ecotoxicity of contaminated soil and water during bioremediation. Different test organisms were selected for the battery of ecotoxicity tests such as the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, the terrestrial plants Sinapis alba, Lactuca sativa, and Hordeum vulgare, the water plant Lemna minor, the earthworm Eisenia fetida, and the crustaceans Daphnia magna and Heterocypris incongruens. A comparison of individual biotests with various organisms and endpoints should demonstrate their suitability and sensitivity for the ecotoxicity evaluation of contaminated soil and water. The bioassays were used for the evaluation of the bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, composting of PAH-contaminated soil and remediation of contaminated groundwater. The ecotoxicity of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil originating from a brownfield was evaluated during a 17-month biodegradation pilot test (experiment I). The initial concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the soil was 6380 µg.g-1 dry weight; the concentration of TPH in the soil decreased by 65.5 % after bioremediation. The highest toxicity was detected in the first period of bioremediation; however, certain toxic effects were detectable during the whole bioremediation process. The contact tests were the most...
|
|
Possibilities of affecting of secondary metabolites production in culture Silybum marianum in vitro
Kunzová, Lucie ; Martin, Jan (referee) ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor)
1 ABSTRAKT Mgr. Lucie Kunzová Possibilities of affecting of secondary metabolites production in culture Silybum marianum in vitro Elicitation is the method making use defensive mechanism of plants to increasing poduction of secondary metabolites in plants and cultures in vitro. The effect of 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours influence by three concentrations of the abiotic elicitor (3-jodo-4-methylfenyl)amide 5-methylpyrazine-2-karboxylic acid on the flavonolignans production in Silybum marianum callus and suspension culture was monitored in this study. The in vitro culture was cultivated on Murashige-Skoog medium with the addition of 10 mg/l of α-naphtylacetic acid as a growth regulator. The content of flavonolignans was determined by HPLC. The maximum content of flavonolignans (0,03 %) in callus culture was demostrated after 24 hours of elicitation (c1 = 2,83 · 10-3 mol/l). The maximum content of flavonolignans (0,04 %) in suspension culture was demonstrated after 48 hours of elicitation (c3 = 2,83 · 10-5 mol/l).
|
|
Antioxidant activity of Epimedium sp. extract.
Brlicová, Radka ; Spilková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
The goal of thesis was to demonstrate the antioxidant activity of the genus Epimedium extract and collect information the main content substances and biological activity species of the genus Epimedium as well. Epimedii herba (Yinyanghuo, Horny Goat Weed or Barrenwort) is one of the best known and most frequently used plants in Chinese medicine for its tonic, anti-reumatic and aphrodisiacal effects. The main content substances are flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans and terpenic compounds. Flavonoids, ikariin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C and ikaritin, have diverse effects such as antioxidant, estrogenic, osteogenic, antidepressant-like, antianginal and anticancerogenic. To demonstrate the antioxidant activities of methanolic extract and dry aqueous extract from herba Epimedium x rubrum, I used two methods, the method of measuring antioxidant activity against the stable radical DPPH (diphenylhydrazyl) and method of measuring antioxidant activity against superoxide. From measurement I observed that the dry aqueous extract from herba has a higher antioxidant activity against DPPH than the methanolic extract. I measured an antioxidant activity against superoxid radical of the dry aqueous extract of drug and solutions of routine, trolox and ascorbic acid. From measurements I observed that the dry...
|
|
Ecotoxicological evaluation of contaminated water and soil and use of biotests for bioremediation
Hubálek, Tomáš ; Novotný, Čeněk (advisor) ; Pazlarová, Jarmila (referee) ; Malachová, Kateřina (referee)
2 2. Abstract The aim of this thesis is to identify the ecotoxicity of contaminated soil and water during bioremediation. Different test organisms were selected for the battery of ecotoxicity tests such as the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, the terrestrial plants Sinapis alba, Lactuca sativa, and Hordeum vulgare, the water plant Lemna minor, the earthworm Eisenia fetida, and the crustaceans Daphnia magna and Heterocypris incongruens. A comparison of individual biotests with various organisms and endpoints should demonstrate their suitability and sensitivity for the ecotoxicity evaluation of contaminated soil and water. The bioassays were used for the evaluation of the bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, composting of PAH-contaminated soil and remediation of contaminated groundwater. The ecotoxicity of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil originating from a brownfield was evaluated during a 17-month biodegradation pilot test (experiment I). The initial concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the soil was 6380 μg.g-1 dry weight; the concentration of TPH in the soil decreased by 65.5 % after bioremediation. The highest toxicity was detected in the first period of bioremediation; however, certain toxic effects were detectable during the whole bioremediation process. The contact tests were the...
|
|
The acquisition of property, plant and equipment as tangible fixed assets
Borovková, Jana ; Skálová, Jana (advisor)
The writing focuses on acquisition of property, plant and equipment as tangible fixed assets. It mentions influence of taxes. It compares Czech legislature and International accounting Standards/ International financial reporting standards. It specializes in accounts of borrowing costs and dotations. The goal of writing is compare different methods and demonstrate process of harmonization.
|
guest ::
