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Gastrointestinal nematodes in wild ruminants from Czech Republic
Heinclová, Pavla ; Langrová, Iva (advisor) ; Vynikalová, Lucie (referee)
This study is focused on the occurrence of gastrointestinal nematodes in cervids in the Czech Republic. The aim of the study was to determine the species composition of gastrointestinal nematodes of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) . Research on presence of parasites in the digestive tract of roe deer and falow deer was done by using autopsy which was performed in the laboratory of the Department of Zoology and Fisheries FAPPZ CULS Prague according to K. I. Skrjabin.
Autopsy material was extracted from small intestine of the captured pieces during the years 2009 - 2014. Research was done on 15 deer coming from Central Bohemia, Ústí and Liberec region. For determination were used microscope and determination key. Among determination characteristics determined in females include overall length of the body width, shape and size of the vulva, the presence of flaps, vulva distance from the anus, the shape of the end of the body. Males observed features: overall length, size and shape of spicules, gubernaculum.
Among the common features observed included the formation of the pharynx and oral capsule. Each of the nematode was measured and incorporated into species and genera. Result shows nematodes: Trichostrongylus capricola, Nematodirus fillicolis venulosum and Oesophagostomum, Cooperia pectinata and subsequently evaluated prevalence.
From the results of the autopsy of the small intestine shows that the highest prevalence rate among deer and fallow deer reaches Trichostrongylus capricola (60 %) and Nematodirus filicollis (20 %). The lowest prevalence consistently achieve Oesophagostomum venulosum and Cooperia pectinata (6.7 %). The prevalence was consistent with studies carried out in other European countries. In comparison with studies in the Czech Republic with Trichostrongylus capricola was compared to another research from 2008 to decrease prevalence.
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Production of evidence in tax proceedings
Raiser, Gabriela ; Boháč, Radim (advisor) ; Kohajda, Michael (referee)
EVIDENCE IN TAX PROCEEDINGS Abstract The purpose of the thesis is on one hand to provide an overall view of the issue of burden of proof in tax proceedings. On the other hand the thesis gives a detailed look into unclear and problematic provisions of the Tax Code concerning the burden of proof of tax subjects as well as that of tax administrators. The reason for my analysis is that number of questions related to the burden of proof in tax proceedings are very often matter of disputes between tax subjects and tax administrators which in many cases has to be decided by the Czech Supreme Administrative Court. The thesis is composed of four chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of evidence. Chapter One is introductory and deals with evidence in proceedings in general. It also defines basic terminology used in the thesis such as evidence, basic principles of process, burden of production or burden of persuasion. The Chapter Two explains specifics of evidence in tax proceedings. Chapter Three deals with the definition of evidence and mentions different types of evidence in tax proceedings. Chapter Four is focused on the key issue of evidence in tax proceedings - the concept of burden of proof. The chapter consists of five parts. Part One concerns burden of proof of taxpayers while Part Two looks...
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Influence of the current legislation on food labeling to consumer´s purchase decisions
Erlebach, Jan ; Šánová, Petra (advisor) ; Markéta, Markéta (referee)
The thesis is focused on the main aspects of consumer´ s shopping behaviour and the utilization of monitored signs of quality of groceries. The aim of this paper is to identify the familiarity with the set of information given for food labeling and the rate of its use as well as the impact of chosen brands on shopping behaviour of Czech consumers. The key aim of this work is to verify the accuracy completeness of labeling on a sample of groceries. The main methods of this quantitative research were the standardized questionnaire as well as description, comparison, analysis, and synthesis. The results of this research showed the connection between the choice and groceries purchase and its look and the information on the wrapping and the new food labeling. This thesis also wants to propose the possible ways how to improve the food labeling and its use.
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Analysis of Development Projects´ Planning History: Case Study Praha - Western Part of "Rohanský" Island
Wild, Jan ; Macoun, Milan (advisor) ; Lucie, Lucie (referee)
This bachelor thesis surveys the planning history of the western part of Rohan Island in Prague. The thesis pursues part of Prague situated in Prague 8 called Karlín. The first part provides basic definitions about selected parts of theoretical part. The analytical part pursues history of Karlín since 19th Century. The next chapters look into pursued locality concerning proprietary relationships and planning documents which had key role in decision-making in this area. The subchapters discuss more facts which had an influence on Rohan Island constructions. In the final section of analytical part, there is summary of history of planning. The contribution of the thesis is to find out whether it is reasonable to plan in such big developing areas as Rohan Island or not. Main resources are specialized literature in this area, land maps, city planning studies and interviews with people involved in constructions in the western part of Rohan Island. The thesis includes cartographical and picturical attachments.
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Role of sirtuins in pronucleus formation in vitro fertilised porcine oocytes
Maryníková, Veronika ; Žalmanová, Tereza (advisor) ; Miriama , Miriama (referee)
Recently, the increasing importance of reproductive biotechnologies rises. They provide us to get higher performance of livestock or to improve treatment in human medicine. It is neccessary to have a sufficient amount of developmentaly competent oocytes and further healthy liveable embryos for in vitro culture to supply a progress of reproductive technologies. Immediately after fertilization, pronucleus formation is a key moment for
further embryonicdevelopment. Male and female pronuclei have their own pattern of histone code. For development of early embryo, it is neccessary to supply the correct pattern of histone code. NAD+-dependent histon deacetylases, sirtuins, are one of the mechanism which
plays in regulation of histone code. These family contains seven isoforms, SIRT1-7.
Based on current research, we decided for hypothesis that sirtuins are present in porcine fertilized oocytes and regulate the pronucleus formation. In this thesis, porcine COCs were culture in modificated culture medium and after 44 hr. maturation, only oocytes with extruded first polar body were chosen and used for further in vitro fertilization. Presumed zygotes were subsequently cultured with sirtuins inhibitors, nicotinamide or sirtinol. After 22 hr. of in vitro culture, zygotes were subjected by imunocytochemicaly localization of
methylated and acetylated (on lysine K9) histone H3 and image analysis.
Our results show that SIRT1 is localizated in porcine zygotes, especially in pronuclei. There are changes in acetylation and methylation H3K9 after sirtuin inhibition. Significant increase of H3K9 acetylation and decrese in H3K9 methylation are appeared. Sirtinol usage
has confirmed that the changes are result of SIRT1 action. Role of SIRT1 in histone code regulation of pronucleus formation is still not enought described in porcine.
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Intracellular distribution of hydrogen sulfide releasing enzymes in maturing porcine oocytes
Vondráková, Veronika ; Hošková, Kristýna (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
The study of the molecular mechanisms regulating reproductive processes is crucial for increasing the efficiency of reproductive biotechnologies that are often used in animal breeding. A key part of many biotechnological methods is the cultivation of oocytes, which simulates natural conditions in the ovaries. However this simulation is still imperfect and presents a limiting factor for successful formation of mammalian oocytes.capable of fertilization.
Meiotic maturation is influenced by many factors including for example gasotransmiter hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Until recently, hydrogen sulfide was known only as toxic gas polluting the environment. It was found that the hydrogen sulfide is at low concentrations important signaling molecule with a lot of physiological functions. Hydrogen sulfide is produced by enzymes CBS, CTH and 3-MPST in various tissues of the body, including the reproductive system.
We hypothesised that enzymes responsible for the endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide, CBS, CTH and 3-MPST, are present in porcine oocytes and their presence varies during meiotic maturation in cellular organelles. The goal of this study was to prove this hypothesis by cultivating porcine oocytes, detection of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and hydrogen sulfide-releasing enzymes using imunocytochemistry and colocalization analysis.
Our results showed that enzymes releasing hydrogen sulfide, CBS, CTH and 3-MPST, are present in GV porcine oocytes and also in the oocytes matured to the MII stage, after 48 hours in vitro cultivation. We found that the distribution of these enzymes in cellular organelles in oocyte changed during meiotic maturation. There were significant changes in the distribution of enzymes 3-MPST and CBS in the mitochondria, levels of colocalization coefficients for enzyme 3-MPST increased, these coefficients for enzyme CBS decreased during meiotic maturation. In endoplasmic reticulum we found significant changes in the distribution of all three hydrogen sulfide-releasing enzymes. Levels of colocalitazion coefficients for CBS and 3-MPST increased, while levels of these coefficients for enzyme CTH decreased. Results of our experiments on porcine oocytes can help to clarify the role of gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide during meiotic maturaion mammals of oocytes and are highly valueable because their possible application in breeding of farm animals and in human assisted reproduction.
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Molecular mechanism of hydrogen sulfide action during meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes
Veselá, Andrea ; Hošková, Kristýna (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
At present reproductive biotechnology methods are on the rise, but their development and application in the broader management of reproduction is dependent on obtaining a sufficient number of quality oocytes cultured in vitro. The prerequisite for this requirement is the creation of the optimal conditions in the course of culturing oocytes.
Understanding and knowledge of the processes that occur in oocyte during maturation is an important and necessary condition for optimizing the process of culturing oocytes in vitro and gaining a sufficient number of good quality oocytes in metaphase II of meiotic division. A large number of mechanisms that affect and control oocyte maturation are known, however it cannot be claimed that this process has been fully explained and studied. One factor which has a potential role in the regulation of meiotic maturation of oocytes is gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a critical signaling molecule of endogenous origin.
The study of H2S led to the hypothesis that H2S actively influences the course of meiotic maturation of pig oocytes by regulating key signaling cascades. The aim of this work was to determine the involvement of H2S in the regulation of the MEK1-MAPK signaling cascade, responsible for the initiation and progress of the meiotic maturation of oocytes and the MEK1-PARP-1 cascade as signaling that supports cell viability. For this purpose, pig oocytes cultured in modified media were used, supplemented with a specific combination of enzyme inhibitors (3Ki) or in a culture medium with donor H2S. The ocytes were then subjected to immunocytochemistry staining, fluorescence microscopy and image analysis.
The results show that H2S is involved in the regulation of meiotic maturation. It confirmed the hypothesis of the endogenous production of H2S in the course of the meiotic maturation of pig oocytes and the influence of the MAPK signaling cascade. Based on the results, it is however likely that the MEK1-PARP-1 signaling cascade is not affected by H2S, unlike MAPK signaling, comprising the mentioned MEK1 as superior kinase. MAPK kinase activity is significantly lower in oocytes after treatment 3Ki. Further experiments are for a detailed understanding of these regulatory pathways and for the proper verification of the mechanism of the effects of H2S necessary, in particular for a full understanding of the target control factors by the post-translational modification of S-sulfhydration.
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Edukation for Tolerance to Secondary Schools
Puškárová, Marta ; Votava, Jiří (advisor) ; Barbora, Barbora (referee)
Abstract:
Bachelor thesis deals with the education of pupils towards tolerance in secondary schools, perception of differences and the divergencies from others and the formation of attitudes. The work is focused on the acquisition of especially civil and social but also professional and key competences. It presents the role of teachers in the educational effects on pupils in order to teach them mutual respect and tolerance of new cultures and people from different environment and to prevent potential conflict situations. It should reveal pupils haw to listen to other people regardless whether the other one agrees with them or not, and to prepare them for life in the global society on the principle of social reconciliation and solidarity.
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Operation of national conservation organizations from 19th and 20th century in Jindřichův Hradec and around
Slámová, Kateřina ; Velek, Luboš (advisor) ; Pokorná, Magdaléna (referee)
The submitted theses deals with the function of the Czech nation defense organizations in Jindřichův Hradec and surroundings at the turn of 19th and 20th century. In the first chapters it describes political and social situation during the period of rise of defense organizations (80s of the 19th century), the school laws of the second half of the 19th century and establishment of national defense organizations and their tools of persuasion. Decision point of this work is the establishment of local departments Central School Foundation and National Association Pošumavská in Jindřichův Hradec and their follow-up action until Word War I. The study deals with raising money for departments of both organizations in Hradec (collections and donations) and their following use for support of Czech minority and acquisition of Czech children to Czech schools. It also describes the effort of establishment of Czech minority schools in Jindřichův Hradec and surroundings. Key words: National defense organizations, Central School Foundation, National Association Pošumavská, Jindřichův Hradec and surroundings, the turn of 19th and 20th century
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