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The role of swimming of the robusticity of the human upper limb
Toperczerová, Barbora ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Struška, Michal (referee)
This bachelor thesis discusses effect of regular swimming on human bone tissue robusticity. The goal of this thesis is to summarize results of studies focusing on bone tissue of swimmers and to describe why is the bone tissue of swimmers less robust than bone tissue of individuals participating in other athletic activities. In the first part of the thesis, robusticity, bone modeling and remodeling, and responses of bone tissue on athletic activity are described. Further, the thesis focuses specifically on regular swimming. Forces, which are acting upon swimmers body and which are making swimming possible, are described. Next, four swimming strokes are described and which muscles have the highest contributions in those four swimming strokes. Bone tissue properties are compared between swimmers, other athletes and non-athletes. Special attention is given to bone tissue of human upper limbs. Lastly, the effects of weightlessness environment and absence of mechanical stimuli is described. Key words robusticity, bone functional adaptation, swimming, swimming strokes, upper limb
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Ability of plants to adapt to anthropogenic pollution
Vachek, Tadeáš ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Dostál, Petr (referee)
Due to global climate change and human interventions, the environment is changing rapidly. This brings many stress factors that organisms must adapt to. One of the adaptive mechanisms currently widely discussed is rapid evolution, i.e., hereditary change based on natural selection occurring at an ecologically relevant pace. This work deals with the synthesis of knowledge about rapid evolution, the methodology of its research, and its role in the adaptive processes of plants to anthropogenic pollution, focusing on heavy metals in soil and artificial light at night. The collected studies indicate that heavy metals exert strong selective pressure that can lead to the separation of a tolerant population from the original within a few generations. However, the significance of artificial light at night as a selective factor for plant evolution has not yet been studied. Although individual studies deal with adaptive evolution in phototactic insects in response to artificial light at night, extensive research has not been conducted here either. From the general examination of the effects of artificial light at night on organisms (especially animals), both direct and indirect impacts on their functioning are evident, many of which have not yet been described in detail. Thus, the direct and indirect impacts...
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Racism in Bernardine Evaristo's Girl, Woman, Other
Drobiszová, Jolanta ; Chalupský, Petr (advisor) ; Topolovská, Tereza (referee)
Bernardine Evaristo's book Girl, Woman, Other follows stories of twelve mainly British women throughout the 20th and the 21st centuries. This diploma thesis explores Evaristo's portrayal of British racism in this novel, its various forms and influence on identity and life experience. The first part provides a theoretical background, which presents on the notion of race, racism and its different types, postcolonial concepts of otherness, liminality and hybridity, novel's historical context, and Bernardine Evaristo and her approach to Girl, Woman, Other. The second part analyses the particular instances of race oppression. It explores the identity struggles of Black British citizens caused by feeling of non-belonging, pressure of society, clash of cultures, internalization of racism, and African heritage. Next it deals with interpersonal racism reflected in racially biased stereotyping and prejudiced comments. The analysis further addresses the complexity of oppression and privilege and discusses how racism intersects with sexism and classism. Last it looks into institutional racism, such as lack of anti-discriminatory laws in post-World War II Britain, inequality in education, abuse of power by police, and typecasting of Black actors in theatre. KEY WORDS racism, Girl, Woman, Other, postcolonialism,...
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Vestibular function in patients with idiopathic scoliosis
Kučerová, Klára ; Čakrt, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hoskovcová, Martina (referee) ; Bzdúšková, Diana (referee)
Vestibular function in patients with idiopathic scoliosis Abstract The dissertation focuses on evaluating vestibular functions in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) as one of the important factors influencing the etiology of this disease. Clarification of the influence of the altered function of the vestibular system in patients with IS could lead to easier and faster diagnosis and better targeting of treatment through rehabilitation. The main goal of the work was to comprehensively evaluate vestibular functions in patients with IS and to compare it with healthy individuals and patients with defined vestibular dysfunction, which can be monitored in the early phase after cochlear implantation (CI). In these groups, we examined the perception of space, specifically the perception of the subjective visual vertical (SVV), the function of the otolith system using vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP), postural stability through a stabilometric examination, and the position of the head in space. In patients with IS, we found impaired SVV perception, 38% of patients had abnormal VEMP responses. Patients with IS showed worse postural stability compared to healthy individuals, which was manifested by greater postural deviations in the mediolateral direction. Furthermore, in patients with IS, we noted...
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Circadian regulation of the glymphatic system and its connection with the development of neurodegenerative diseases
Kuznetsov, Egor ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Kubištová, Aneta (referee)
Due to the absence of an active lymphatic system of the brain and the responsible nodal system, it has long been unclear how interstitial metabolic waste products, in particular amyloid-β, tau- protein, α-synuclein and other biomarkers associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases, are eliminated. A key role in this process is played by the glymphatic system, a complex network of tunnel-shaped perivascular spaces (PVSs) that conduct the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. These spaces are surrounded by astrocytes, responsible for the transport of fluids and the removal of metabolites. Studies suggest that the glymphatic system is subject to an endogenous circadian clock, and there is an established correlation between the volume of perivascular spaces and, with it, the rate of cerebrospinal fluid flow and sleep. Factors affecting the function of the glymphatic system include pulsation of blood vessels, spatial orientation of the body and functionality of aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Dysfunction of the glymphatic system plays a key role in the aging of the brain and the development of various neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the work is to summarize the known knowledge about the regulation of the glymphatic system and its influence on the development and prevention of neurodegenerative...
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Fire as an alternative way of the landscape management
Maximov, Fedor ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Adámek, Martin (referee)
Prescribed burning is a method that has been used since prehistoric times to keep unforested areas. In pastures, fire was used to remove dead biomass, return nutrients to the soil and improve forage quality, as well as to convert forests fields to a shifting agriculture. The abandonment of burning in the last century has led to an accumulation of plant biomass in the landscape. This, combined with global warming, is now creating the threat of dangerous fires. In 2022, controlled burning was allowed in the Czech Republic as a way of managing habitats that are at risk of becoming woodland without proper management. Rare heliophilous plant and animal species are tied to them. It would therefore be advisable to reintroduce this management method, together with monitoring and control of its effects on species and communities. The aim of this backelor thesis is to summarise the existing knowledge about prescribed burning in Europe. It also describes how controlled burning affects the dynamics of dry grasslands and heathlands. The main focus is on attributes of controlled burning that can be used to maintain selected habitats. Keywords: fire, vegetation, landscape management, succession
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Neurological effects of endocrine disruptors
Ondráčková, Simona ; Brožka, Hana (advisor) ; Vítků, Jana (referee)
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Assessment of visual short-term memory binding and its role in the identification of subtle memory decline
Borovská, Šárka ; Horáková, Hana (advisor) ; Michalec, Jiří (referee)
The concept of memory binding appears to be auspicious for identification of subtle memory decline in early stages of Alzeheimer's disease (AD). Visual Short-Term Memory Binding Test (VSTMBT) is an experimental test of short-term visual memory binding, it assesses the binding condition (shape+colour) along with the control condition of short-term memory (shape only). Although the results of the current studies seem promising, a number of limitations are present (different versions of the test, small sample size, familial vs. sporadic form of AD, etc.). In this thesis, the VSTMBT was administered to a comprehesively defined sample of people without dementia from the Czech Brain Aging Study (N=161). When comparing the groups using analysis of variance with subsequent post hoc tests, it was found that the group with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, n=56) performed the lowest compared to the group with subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n=60) and to the cognitively normal volunteers (CN, n=45). When controlling for the effect of age and gender, these differences persisted (aMCI < KN; aMCI < SCD) in the memory binding condition (for the two-item version). The performance of the SCD group did not differ from the KN. In the subset of patients with available biomarkers, performances were compared...
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Problematics of integration of North Korean refugees in South Korea
Bláha, Matěj ; Suchánek, Jonáš (advisor) ; Kvasničková, Kristýna (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on problems associated with integration of North Korean refugees in South Korea. The main aim is to create a conceptual framework for deeper understanding of this issue. The fulfilment of this aim was achieved with the help of research questions that address the impact of refugees and South Korean society on refugee integration. The thesis synthesizes information from existing publications using the method of systematic literature review and can therefore serve as a basis for future research. The theoretical section, which discusses terms and concepts relevant to the thesis, is followed by two chapters of historical and geographical context needed for understanding of the issue of North Korean refugees and the description of methodology used in the systematic review. The results of the synthesis imply that the level of integration of North Korean refugees in South Korea is not very high and refugees face a significant number of barriers that make this integration difficult. For the sake of clarity, the systematic research has been categorically divided into thematic subchapters, which address in detail the different areas of this specific migration and integration. Key words: systematic review, integration, North Korean refugees, South Korea, North Korea
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The effect of menstrual cycle and cortisol and testosteron levels on strenght performance in female athletes
Novotná, Kateřina ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Pěkný, Martin (referee)
This study provides a comprehensive insight into the physiological and hormonal changes in female athletes during the menstrual cycle and their impact on performance training and recovery. It covers an overview of menstrual cycle physiology, the effects of steroid hormones on the female reproductive system, cortisol secretion examination, and the role of testosterone in female physiology. Furthermore, it analyzes the influence of individual menstrual cycle phases on the strength capabilities of female athletes and studies the relationship between cortisol and testosterone secretion and these abilities. It discusses the influence of the follicular phase on performance in the Wingate test, negative correlation between cortisol concentration and female athletes' strength performance, and differences in maximum performance between athletes with regular and irregular cycles. It highlights general limitations of research on women that need to be considered. Overall, this work contributes to the discussion on the relationship between hormonal changes and strength performance in female athletes, with potential future applications in training and sports performance. KEY WORDS menstrual cycle, hormones, strength capabilities, cortisol, testosterone, physical exertion
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