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Assessment structures of industrial buildings in terms of ISO 13822
Kirschbaum, Adam ; Anton, Ondřej (referee) ; Cikrle, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of the constructions of the industrial buildings according to the ČSN ISO 13822 Standard. In the first, theoretical part, the procedures of research and evaluation of existing reinforced concrete constructions based on the ČSN ISO 13822 and ČSN 73 0038 Standards are described. Further, the theoretical part is focused on the diagnostic methods used during the evaluation of these constructions. The practical part focuses on the evaluation of the three industrial reinforced concrete buildings. It includes information about the building, the description of defects, diagnostics and the appraisal of measuring. The last part deals with a static calculation of selected parts of the supporting construction.
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Clinical information systems. Quality in clinical information systems
KÝČEK, Michal
In its theoretical part, this work deals with hospital information systems, their properties and development trends in the world, in Czech Republic and in the faculty Hospital in Plzeň in particular. A special reason for taking up this subject was the on-going transition to digital operation at the RTG departament of said hospital. Pictorial documentacion in digital form is presently becoming standard part of the medical do-cumentacion. The X-ray photographs can now be viewed at any client station of the hospital information system. As the existing stations were not originally intended for visualisation of pictorial medical documentacion, image quality tests have been carried out to determine the suitability of the station monitors for such operation. The main target of this work was to identify, using the technical tools available ath the RTG departament, a suitable image quality test, to verify its informative value and compare the existing hospital information system stations with dedicated diagnostic work station primarily intended for visualisation of medical X-ray documentation. The practical part of this work consisted of two tests using special graphic images and real patient`s X-ray picture including a specific diagnostic feature. A method of controlled interview was then used to establish the image quality and the degree of certainty with which that the doctors could identify the subject diagnostic feature. The test results were subject to statistical analysis using the linear regression analytic method whereby the informative value of the tests was determined. Finally, the operational properties of diagnostic work stations were compared to those of the hospital information system. In consideration of the small number of stations subjects to tests, the statistic analysis of this comparison was not carried out.
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Patient radiation load and possibility of reduction by percutaneous coronary interventions
KVASNICOVÁ, Miroslava
Abstract More than 100 years have passed since physicist W.C.Röntgen discovered X rays and their use in medicine. Knowledge about their harmful effects led to gradual im-plementing of protection rules. Attention of experts gradually focused on persons exa-mined or treated by ionizing radiation, as so-called medical exposition represents the most important part of person´s irradiation from artificial sources of radiation at all. De-finition of medical irradiation was accepted by Act No.18/1997 Coll. (Atomic Act) and extended in novel of the Act (No.13/2002 Coll.). Medical irradiation is not limited but two principles of radiation protection govern {--} principle of reasoning and principle of optimalization. I focused my attention on radiation load of patients during selective coronaro-graphy which still remains gold diagnostic standard for coronary arteries examination. I measured and evaluated the radiation dose of patients at two angiography machines in Teaching Hospital in Motol. They are angiography machines PHILIPS Integris Allura (made in 2002) at Institution of Imaging Methods and PHILIPS Integris HM 3000 (ma-de in 1993) at Cardiovascular Centre for Adults. Some technical parameters of these machines differ, e.g. the size of image amplifier. Since 2003 to 2007 10,087 patients at Cardiovascular Centre for Adults and 7,760 patients at Institution of Imaging Methods were examined by selective coronarography. I analyse all equipment of angiography work place, including technical of X-ray angiomachine, radiological standards, protection against radiation, requirements for imaging system, parameters impacting the quality of X-ray image, possibilities of lowering radiation load in patients. Hypothesis is based on idea that radiation load can be lowered by setting suita-ble exposition parameters and collimators. Methodology consists of measurements of exposition dose in 100 patients at Institution of Imaging Methods and at Cardivascular Centre. I compare the dose at both work places on the base of different size of image amplifier, different frequency of scanning and advert to different dose in different projection. Other part consists of mea-surements on phantoms, in which I compare the dose acquired in patients. I watch fur-ther parameters impacting the level of radiation load. Acquired results are mutually compared and statistically elaborated and valuated by {$\omega$}2-test. Evaluated data can serve for creating of radiologic standards which will contribute to staff education how to ma-nipulate sources of X-ray radiation to make the dose for a patient and for staff as low as possible.
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The role of radiographer during MR angiography
ZBĚHLÍKOVÁ, Pavla
The role of radiographer during MR angiography Objectives: The thesis and the tutorial CD provide information on the magnetic resonance angiography {--} MRA. Due to upgraded hardware and software and the non-invasive character of the examination the method is currently the most common form of the imaging of flowing blood in vessels. It is essential for a radiographer to acquire comprehensive knowledge of the basic principles and techniques of MRA. The objective of my thesis was to find out if the method can be used not only for a high-quality imaging of the arteries but also for subsequent therapeutical procedures. Methodology: The research was conducted with 106 patients (66 men and 40 women) whose lower limb arteries had been tested by MRA between 1 January and 31 December 2007 at the Multiscan RC Pardubice. I determined the number of patients who had undergone a therapeutical procedure after the MRA test (operations on arteries, percutaneous transluminal angioplastics) and assessed to what degree the MRA examination had been sufficient for the surgery. Results: In 91 % out of 46 patients indicated for therapeutical procedures the results obtained by MRA enabled other treatment or a surgical procedure. Only in 9 % patients the results obtained by MRA were not sufficient for other medical treatment and suplementary examinations such as the diagnostic digital subtraction angiography were necessary. Conclusions: MRA is a non-invasive medical diagnostic technique to visualize the blood in vessels which provide satisfactory accuracy without exposing the patient to any ionizing radiation. The results are used for other treatments. Radiographers who master the MRA techniques avoid mistakes that might devalue the test. Key words: digital subtraction angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, percutaneous transluminal angioplastics, radiographer {--} radiologic technologist.
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Algorithm of imaging methods in suspicion on pulmonary tuberculosis
MIKULÁŠOVÁ, Jana
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which more than 8 million people are taken ill with throughout the world every year. During the last decade more than 30 million people succumbed to it. The Czech Republic succeeds in decreasing the number of TB cases, despite of it the physicians warn how dangerous is still this infectious disease. Basic diagnostic examination in pulmonary TB is an X-ray examination. Radiophotography, so called {\clqq}štítovka`` enacted remarkable part in combating TB. This apparatus was used in past for collective X-ray examination. The disadvantage of this technique is substantionally higher radiation load. In my work I dealt mostly with contemporary possibilities of radiodiagnostics in pulmonary TB examination (with regard to radiophotography). I carried out measurement of entering surface kerma with the help of water phantom in different work places, with different types of machines. In my thesis I compared examination techniques, both from the point of diagnostic yield , and from the point of patients´ radiation load. X-ray diagnostics participates in big rate in medical irradiation, which is the most important part in human irradiation from artificial radiation sources. Implementation of new diagnostic methods (especially computer tomography) resulted in important expansion of diagnostic possibilities . On the other hand, historical equipment still functions, e.g. cabin machines for imaging from the photographic plate. The most important factors affecting radiation load of patients is modern machine equipment, regular running of tests of long-term stableness and working steadiness , as well as protective aids use. In every work place with sources of ionizing radiation a permanent supervision on respecting of radiation protection rules must be ensured.
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Dental Prophylaxis in Dogs
Franeková, Tereza ; Karlasová, Barbora (advisor) ; Marcela, Marcela (referee)
The thesis explores the canine oral cavity, namely, the teeth and the most common dental diseases. Dental injury and disease in dogs is a topic of growing interest in veterinary science. The theoretical section discusses the anatomy of the head, oral cavity and teeth. It presents general knowledge of veterinary dentistry and a list of the most common oral cavity diseases. The practical section explores the suitability and the effectiveness of two prevention methods against the build-up of dental plaque, respectively, against the spread of periodontitis.
Diseases affecting the periodontium are increasingly common in dogs; they are deemed to be the most frequent diseases affecting small animals above five years of age. There are two most common periodontal diseases. The first, gingivitis, is a reversible inflammation of the gum. The second, periodontitis, is essentially irreversible without specialized treatment and often leads to loss of teeth.
The major criterion for maintaining a healthy oral cavity is prevention. Therefore, two methods of home-based prevention are compared in the practical part of the thesis. First, all patients underwent a full-scale dental treatment in a veterinary centre, that is, a comprehensive ultrasonic cleaning and polishing with dental cleaning paste. Then, ascophyllum nodosum, a seaweed also known as Norwegian kelp, was mixed within the daily food ration of half of the patients. In this way, the teeth were being cleaned passively. The second half of the patients had their teeth cleaned with Orozyme, an enzyme-formula oral hygiene gel for dogs, and this way an active teeth cleaning method was explored. Six weeks after the initial dental treatment, a dental plaque identification test was carried out in a veterinary centre. Statistical analysis of the resulting data did not signal substantial differences between the treatment with Norwegian kelp and that of using the oral gel. A combination of the two techniques is, therefore, recommended as the best prevention strategy against plaque build-up.
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Nursing care of child patient with acute pancreatitis.
ŽENÍŠKOVÁ, Pavla
Abstract Child patient acute pancreatitis nursing care Current status: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas. This disease can be classified as an acute abdominal event. The essence of the disease is the autodigestion of pancreas maternal tissues. The most common cause of pancreatitis in childhood is an infection. This infection may have viral, bacterial or parasitary origin. The main clinical symptom is abdominal pain, connected with vomiting. The diagnosis can be confirmed by a laboratory blood test, where increased values of amylase and lipase are found in the serum. For acute pancreatitis diagnosis in pediatric patients, a non invasive displaying method has remained unsurpassed up to now - ultrasonographic abdominal examination. The method is non-invasive, Quit and available examination. Based on the progression and form of the disease, the child patient is admitted to an intensive care unit, or to a standard ward. The onset of treatment requires the absolute prohibition of any intake of nutrition per os. The application of analgetics and antibiotics is also very important. Regarding the application of analgetics there are different opinions regarding opiate or non-opiate types., Some complications can occur in more serious forms of the disease, like biliar ways compression followed by icter, duodena stenosis and following ileus. There are also connected complications regarding the cardio vascular system and the gastroinstestinal tract. The prognosis is very good in milder forms of the disease. Acute pancreatitis can turn into the chronic disease in 15-35% of cases. Targets: The first target was to evaluate the acute pancreatitis growth rate in childhood in the Czech republic from 2004 up to 2014. The second target was to describe specific aspects of nursing care for the pediatric patient with acute pancreatitis during hospitalization, during follow up care and after being released home. Methodology and research group: The Institute of sanitary information and statistics was appproached regarding the achievment of the first tagret as were all seven health insurance companies operating in the Czech republic. The method of documents analysis and data collection was used to achieve the second target. The information was gathered from primary documentation and professional studies on the topic. Results: From 2010 there has been a constant and gradual growth of acute pancreatitis in pediatric patients in the Czech republic. While in 2010 there were 221 patients, in 2014 there were already 318 pediatric patients with this disease. The specific aspects of nursing care for a pediatric patient with acute pancreatitis are in early diagnostics, analgetics and antibiotics therapy, and mainly, in dietary measures. During hospitalization in an intensive care unit, or in a standard ward, the specific aspects of nursing care are the following: Physiological functions monitoring, pain monitoring, monitoring the intravenous catheter, or urine catheter if applicable, and nazogastric probe, observing the emptying and nutrition of a pediatric patient, and also in meeting the child´s needs. The most important aim after acute pancreatitis, is maintaining the correct diet. The gradual return of the child back to normal life is also very important. Conclusion: This disease can be classified as an acute abdominal event. The clinical image is accompanied by strong abdominal pain and vomiting. Ultrasonogprahic abdominal examination is the first option of displaying diagnostic methods. The treatment takes place during hospitalization in an intensive care unit or in a standard ward. Strict diet maintaining is the most important specific aspect. Practical recommendations: The outcome of the thesis is a brief summary of nursing care for a child with a past of acute pancreatitis when is discharged home.
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The nurse s role in the context of preventive examinations in the office of general practitioner for children and adolescents
TRUČKOVÁ, Zdeňka
Primary care in the health sector is an important part of an effective and functional health care system of every country. It represents the key factor for maintaining good health of the Czech Republic population. It is mainly the pediatricians and pediatric nurses who are irreplacable in their role. They provide health care for children along with assisting with the acquirement of correct habits in taking care of one's health to ensure a long and good quality life. Health education is of great significance especially with children and youth where appropriate monitoring of their health state and development is a necessary precondition for them to embark successfully on their journey of life. The main aim of the thesis is to determine the role of nurses in routine checkups of children and youth and to describe the content and rules of these checkups according to the Czech legislation. Another goal is to describe, based on legislative sources, the changing role of the pediatric nurse since 1990.Firstly, it was necessary to trace down the development of the discipline by means of changes in the legislation. Secondly, the reflection of these changes in professional literature was captured, primarily with respect to prevention. The crucial, concluding part of the paper focuses on how the above mentioned factors affect the form of routine checkups and the nurse's role in them. It also mentions important particulars of routine checkups, such as vaccination, monitoring psychomotor development, or assessing nourishment. The research paper is composed as a theoretical review thesis. For the purpose of the bachelor thesis, qualitative research survey has been used employing the method of secondary analysis of relevant sources. It is a systematic own research with bibliographical sources. After an analysis of the obtained data their synthesis followed, then comparation and assessment. Bibliographial research on the studied issues is based on scientific publications and Czech legislation. The bachelor thesis describes the changing role of the pediatric nurse since the initial phases of nursing care, the way pediatric nurses have been trained and what their role has been in primary preventive pediatric care and education on health. Furthermore, it deals with the changing competence and image of the pediatric nurse. Cooperation with the pediatrician is crucial, as well as building a relationship with both the child and the parents. Act no. 96/2004 Coll., on paramedical jobs, specifies the conditions for gaining and recognizing the competence to perform paramedical jobs and imposes the obligation for lifelong learning. The responsibilities and competence of the pediatric nurse to perform the specialized job is given in Decree no. 55/2011 Coll. of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, on the activities of medical staff and other specialized workers. This decree enables nurses to assume higher competence which entails higher quality and expertness of the job and therefore a requirement for specialized professional and higher education of the nurses. The particular activities of the pediatric nurse are defined by § 51 of the Decree no. 424/2004 Coll., on the activities of medical staff and other specialized workers. In the general practice of a pediatrician, the pediatric nurse provides complex medical treatment, preventive and therapeutic care to children from birth until the age of 19. Routine checkups of children and youth are defined legislatively by Decree no. 70/2012 Coll., on routine checkups. It delineates the content and schedule of the routine checkups of children and youth. Mandatory vaccination is part of the routine checkups. The significance of the routine checkups of children and youth is often underrated by the general public.
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