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Comparison of post-operation course in women after abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy and after laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy.
HUDÁ, Zuzana
The bachelor thesis is divided to two parts (theoretical and practical). In the theoretical section I engage with three kindes of hysterectomy, with its indications, complications and with the following treatment of the patient after the intervention. I further desribe the psyche of the patient and her life after the operation. Hypthesises and goals have been set in the practical section of this work. I tried to disprove or aprove these hypothesises on the basis of research. It follows from the outcome of the research that the postoperative condition after hysterectomy differes individualy from patient to patient.
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In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial effect of lasioglossins on the Candida albicans
Kašperová, A. ; Turánek, J. ; Čeřovský, Václav ; Raška, M.
Lasioglossins represent a new group of amphipathic α-helical peptides with significant antimicrobial effect on the Candida albicans. This study examines the antifungal activity of two peptides LL-III and all D-LL-III as measured by the suppression of Candida proliferation and suppression of induced morphological differentiation both in in vitro and in vivo assays. In the in vitro Candida proliferation assay, the inhibitory effect of lasioglossins LL-III and all D-LL-III was more than 70% within 24 h and more than 84% after 48 h of incubation (final concentration of either peptide was 17.5 .mu.M). Delaying of blastoconidial transition to hyphae in vitro and tendency to suppress vaginal candidiasis in experimental mice were detected.
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Women's knowledge of benefits and risks of hormonal contraception
NOVÁKOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis deals with finding the knowledge of girls and women on hormonal contraception, its benefits and risks. Contraception is the most common form of family planning in its negative sense. One of the most reliable methods of hormonal contraception, which currently has many forms and is distributed to a large number of manufacturers. Introductory, theoretical part is divided into several subsections, where the first is devoted to the history of contraception from antiquity to the present, and how gradually developed and perfected its methods. There are described the prerequisites for the selection of contraceptive methods, and one of the sections is focused to the evaluation of their reliability with Pearl index. Forms of contraception are initially divided into hormonal and non-hormonal. The non-hormonal methods are only briefly described its various forms, like natural, barrier, IUD and sterilization. There are mentioned some non-specific methods which have time to time found their followers. Hormonal contraception methods are deeply described. Progestogen contraception is divided for chapters about mini pills, depot injections, subcutaneous implants, as well as the beneficial effects of these forms and their potential risks. Another chapters are devoted to intrauterine system and postcoital contraception, again including their benefits and risks. Combined hormonal contraceptives, which is essentially the most frequently used method for protection against pregnancy is divided into individual subsections by the application method. These are the oral form, a transdermal patch and vaginal ring NuvaRing. Custom chapter is also devoted to the benefits and risks. At the end of the theoretical part describes the education that focuses on the lessons for girls and women about contraception from midwife.In the second part of the thesis was conducted by using qualitative research interviews. Prior to its launch were given three objectives (Objective 1: To determine the knowledge of girls 2nd year of Secondary Medical School about the benefits and risks of hormonal contraception. Objective 2: To determine knowledge about the benefits and risks of hormonal contraception in women of childbearing age who have already given birth. Objective 3: Compare the level of knowledge of hormonal contraception in girls 2nd year secondary nursing schools and in women of childbearing age who have already given birth.). To verify the research, qualitative questions were used, and data collection was carried out by using structured interviews. Interviews were conducted with eight female respondents, of which four were students of secondary medical school and four women in fertile age who have already given birth. The results were presented to chart and diagrams. In the next part, the discussion was led above the obtained results. The girls from the first group had a generally knowledge of both hormonal contraception and about its benefits and risks. Women in fertile age had a little more knowledge, but even so, there were several shortcomings in the responses, especially when taking into account of their experience. When comparing the two groups with each other in many ways are more informed respondents from the group of women after childbirth, but these differences are not so significant. In the end of the thesis the targets are evaluated. Since knowledge of girls and women on hormonal contraception, including its benefits and risks have been evaluated on generally only, there is need to intensify education on this topic. Particulary in sex education in secondary school or in gynaecological surgery by midwife. This will offer topics appropriate for some of the other surveys, such as mapping content of education girls and women about contraception from midwife.
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The current level of compliance with the concept of prenatal care from the perspective of pregnant women
URBÁNKOVÁ, Martina
This bachelor thesis deals with a current level of abidance of the prenatal care conception from the point of view of pregnant women. Theoretical part is divided into four main chapters. The first chapter is focused on the history of midwifery and prenatal care. The second one describes prenatal care in general, organisations, goals, antenatal preparation by the midwife, pregnancy card and a role of the midwife in the prenatal consulting. The third chapter deals with pregnancy diagnosis and the last one concerns the examination of pregnant women in each trimester. Practical part of the thesis points out a comparison of a current level of abiding the prenatal care conception in České Budějovice and Benešov region.Three goals were set prior to writting this thesis. The first goal was to find out the abidance of the prenatal care conception from the point of view of pregnant women. The second goal was to find out, whether pregnant women understand the importance of all the examinations carried out during prenatal consultings. The third goal was to find our and compare the level of abiding the prenatal care conception in České Budějovice and Benešov region. Three questions arose from these three goals: What is the level of abiding the prenatal care conception? What examinations are being carried out during prenatal consultings? What is the difference between abiding the prenatal care conception in České Budějovice and Benešov region?The qualitative method had been used to conduct the survey.Answers to the questions from the survey were searched during the acquisition and processing of the semi-structured interviews. Conclusion of the survey is, that all the pregnant women are satisfied with the current conception of the prenatal care. This way of timing of visit intervals in prenatal consultings seems right to them, important and necessary, not only for a control over themselves, but also for a control over the fetus. The level of the conception of prenatal care is good, satisfactory for all the mothers. Surprising result was, that half of the mothers is unable to describe and elaborate what examinations they went through in prenatal consulting, when it was and what was its purpose. Especially when only two respondents complained about insufficient awareness from the physician about performed examinations. As the most common examinations were stated: blood pressure, urine, weight, CTG scan and vaginal examinations. Based on the conducted survey I have managed to find out that the frequency of regular visits in prenatal consulting, according to CGOS recommendations in České Budějovice was abode only in two cases. This fact was not confirmed by any respondent from the Benešov region. Schedule of the regular visits depends on physician´s consideration. Another difference was not discovered. Current level of abidance of the prenatal care conception in Benešov region is similar to České Budějovice.The thesis may serve as an informational material in prenatal consultings in the future, especially for pregnant women, who want to know the progress of prenatal care.
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Importance of probiotics and prebiotics in human nutrition
ŠEVČÍKOVÁ, Tereza
This thesis deals with probiotics, prebiotics and the composition of intestinal microflora. The importance of intestinal microflora has long been underestimated. With the development of science the knowledge of its positive benefits and composition has been extended. Bacteria forming intestinal microflora are twofold. The "good" ones, which help in the fight against many diseases, and the "bad" ones that cause various diseases. Health beneficial bacteria which are also used to produce probiotic foods and supplements, are mainly of the Lactobacillus, Bifodobacterium, Enterococcus and Streptococcus genera. Probiotics and prebiotics are an important part of the new science discipline of "Functional food". Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts, provide a health benefits to the host. Its function help to maintain the balance of the gastrointestinal tract. The imbalance is associated with diarrhea, urinary tract infections, muscle pain and fatigue. Probiotics also have an impact on the immune system. When the immune system isn't working properly, allergic reactions, autoimmune disease (eg, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis) and infections (eg, infectious diarrhea, Helicobacter pylori infection, skin infections and vaginal infections) may appear. Furthermore, probiotics and prebiotics contribute to the prevention of obesity, lower cholesterol levels, blood sugar levels, thereby helping with the fight against diabetes type 2 and they also help to prevent colon cancer. Furthermore, instituted or renewed balance of the microflora colonic, increases resistance to colonization of the colon microorganisms that cause diarrhea, reduce intolerance against the milk carbohydrate lactose in persons affected by this disorder, increase calcium absorption, synthesis of some vitamins and some probiotics produce bacteriocins, which are the proteins and peptides inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. On the contrary, prebiotics are indigestible food components, that beneficially affect the health of the host and selectively stimulate the growth and / or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon. They are very often used as a prebiotic oligosaccharides, which occur naturally in many kinds of vegetables and fruits.
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Examination of HPV as part of cervical cancer prevention
PETŘÍKOVÁ, Petra
Sexually transmitted HPV infection (human papillomavirus), or infection with human papillomavirus, is a decisive factor in cervix carcinoma etiology. Human papillomaviruses are considered to be the most frequent sexually transmitted infection worldwide. In women, the life-long risk of infection is 80%. High-risk genotypes (high-risk HR HPV 16, HPV 18) were classified among carcinogens. The risk of cervix carcinoma in a woman who is HR HPV positive is 100 to 400 times higher compared to a woman who is HR HPV negative. The first part of my thesis contains a brief theoretical overview of HPV history, structure and classification. The next part deals with the ways of HPV transmission and the incubation period of the pathogenic agent in question. The incubation period as well as the replication cycle of the virus depend on the extent of infection and on the status of the immune system. Increased occurrence of papillomavirus infection is found in persons with a damaged component of cell immunity. In the further part of the thesis I focused on the diagnostic procedures and tests proving HPV infection including its clinical manifestations. Continued HPV infection, together with other relevant factors (smoking, immunodeficiency, lack of vitamins, stress, vaginal infection and hormone influence), increases the probability of cervix carcinoma occurrence. Here I also mention the histopathological classification, prognosis and treatment of these tumors. Considering the occurrence of cervix carcinoma, the situation in the CR is not as favorable as in other advanced countries where the screening is more effective. For comparison, the incidence and mortality in the CR are presented within global scale. Further on I attempted to stress the importance of primary prevention, mainly vaccination. The parts of secondary prevention mentioned in the thesis are preventive examinations, colposcopy, oncological cytology, serological methods and HPV test. The aim of my thesis is to emphasize the importance of testing for human papilloma virus HPV tests carried out in high risk group of women aged over 35 years within the system of preventive examinations. However, nowadays these examinations are accomplished just in women with an abnormal cytological finding. My thesis summarizes the quantitative findings as regards HPV tests done on the basis of determining the nucleic acid of human papillomaviruses by hybridization method with enhanced signal using chemiluminiscence detection. The detection of HPV was achieved with the use of the sets hc2 High-Risk HPV DNA Test and hc 2 HPV DNA Test from QIAGEN company. The thesis includes results of the tests for high-risk types of human papillomaviruses (HPV 16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68) found in 767 women over the period from January 1 2010 to December 31 2013. The tests were carried out at the Medical Microbiology Ward of the Hospital Jindřichův Hradec, a joint-stock company. The group of women with already positive cytological finding was divided into six age categories to highlight the high-risk groups of women over 35 and over 65. As I myself belong to the high-risk group over 35, my intention was to prove the hypothesis that the cause of the cytological changes in women over 35 can be attributed to the dangerous types of human papillomavirus. Finally, after carrying out the analysis of the obtained results, I attempted to propose a solution which could be used in practice.
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Ten steps for optimal birth care.
JEŽKOVÁ, Anežka
Topic of this bachelor thesis is 10 steps for the optimal obstetric care. The theoretical part is focused on general aspects of obstetric care, individual birth times, which includes not only a physiology, but also an obstetrician's role in these times and a competence of a midwife. The theoretical part is also focused on International initiative for obstetric care for mother and child - 10 steps for optimal obstetric care and describes in detail individual points of the initiative. The first goal of the research was to find out how well midwifes know the initiative. The second goal was to find out how midwifes provide optimal obstetric care and finally the third goal was to find out what experience with obstetric care puerperal women have. Qualitative and quantitative research was used to achieve these objectives. Opinion of midwifes about the IMBCI initiative and its individual steps was found out by interviews. By questionnaires was discovered what experience with obstetric care puerperal women have. The research group consisted, 10 midwives and 110 puerperal women. It was discovered that midwifes perceive the IMBCI initiative as beneficial, they mostly agree on its individual points, however they add that points presented in the initiative should be standard for every midwife. According to the obtained results it came out, that the care is provided optimally only particularly, in accordance with recommendations of IMBCI. Midwifes responded, that they agreed on individual points and they tried to follow them, but they saw a problem in necessity of respecting orders of doctors who had tendencies to rush for a childbirth and intervene in a physiological process of a birth. An estimated hypothesis has been confirmed, because it was discovered that there are differences in perceptiveness of obstetric care between midwifes and puerperal women. Results point out that women have lack of information about the care which is provided for them although midwifes claim they inform them enough. Almost half of puerperal women quoted that they were not informed about massage as a pain reducing method. Results are consistent with the statement of midwifes about too frequent interventions to the natural birth process. A navel cord is immediately after the birth cut off to most women and they are often limited in eating and drinking. Some of them felt a rush for giving a birth and it was prohibited to have a long contact with the neonate immediately after birth. In connection with potentially harmful procedures, most women confirmed repeated vaginal examinations and performing of episiotomy. Most women underwent artificial rupture of the membrane sack. This imply that these procedures are executed often, sometimes even as a routine, although they are not, according to actual science results, beneficial in any way, only in specific situations, when its benefit is higher than its risk. From interviews with midwifes it came out, that they totally automatically fulfil ten points of Initiative for a support of successful breast-feeding. Puerperal women sensed it differently. This bachelor thesis can be used by midwifes or student of this field for acquiring a greater perspective in a care, which is presently described as optimal. It is up to them if they will follow individual steps of the initiative or if they will be inspired and find their own optimal way. These lines could help women to clarify what they expect from a care in a maternity hospital and how it should properly look in an ideal case.
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Predisposing factors of recurrent vulvovaginal candidasis V.
Klomínská, Eliška ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Kestřánek, Jan (referee)
1 Abstrakt In this study we have been dealing with the problems of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. To this time the etipatogenesis of this illness hasn't been explained and the question of the cure hasn't been resolved. Among the most frequent etiologies we consider repeated antibiotic therapies, contraceptive usages, the disfunctious of the immune system, improper sexual activities and hyperglycemia. The first obvious healing methods are azol derivatives. These devices can be progressively helpful in getting on with the acute attacks of VVC, but they don't mean the solution of recurrence at all. The object of this study is the statistical elaboration of the data required from the discussion on server www.doktorka.cz. We have been specialized in information related with infection vulvovaginal candidiasis. We have been interested in the therapy of the vaginal discomfort and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. The aim of the work has been to find the most representative pharmaceuticals registers in the Czech Republic, food accessories and precaution which help or fail in the treatment of vaginal discomfort and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. The results are recapitulated in data graphs and tables. The conclusion accentuated the pharmaceuticals, food accessories and precaution which are the best in...
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